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Fifth Framework Program

This presentation outlines a state-of-the-art simulator designed to enhance the management of municipal solid waste treatment through an integrative and sustainable approach. It discusses foundational simulation concepts, tool integration, and data modeling techniques. Key features include performance optimization, energy balance calculations, and cost analysis across various waste treatment processes such as collection, sorting, incineration, and composting. The simulator seeks to provide actionable insights for local governments and stakeholders, facilitating better decision-making in waste management practices.

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Fifth Framework Program

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  1. Fifth Framework Program Aid in the management and European comparisonof Municipal Solid WASte Treatment methodsfor a global and sustainable approachPresentation of the simulator

  2. Summary • General concepts of simulation • heritage • concepts • Facts: what is the AWAST simulator? • Integration of “modelling” WPs • Use of simulation

  3. Simulation statique ? Dimensionner Optimiser Simulator tool is a “cultural” heritage Simulation Waste 1986 USIM 1992 Modecom 1988 USIM PAC 1995 USIM PAC for Windows 1992 1996 Incineration Waste 1994 Hydro- metallurgy 1997

  4. Simulation of waste treatments REZEDA 1997 Mont-De-Marsan 1999 2000

  5. Basic data types in a simulator • Simulator structure • Flowsheet • Streams, Nodes • Phases model • Phases (physical) • Size classes, components, substances,… • Simulator operation • Quantities in streams • Flowrates, Grades • Equipment description • Parameters for each model of unit operation • Performances, Sizes, Operating conditions, Others

  6. Basic concepts • Stream • several phases • flowrate • size classes • components • chemical elements • Process • associated to a unit operation model • or a workshop (sub-flowsheet)

  7. Basic use - direct simulation • Supplied data • Feed stream • All process models • Results calculated by process models • All streams • Energy balance • Costs Process 1 Process 3 Process 2 Process 4

  8. Basic use - Reverse simulation • Supplied data • Feed stream(s) • Output stream(s) • Partly defined process model • Results calculated by simulator • Missing parameters of process model Process Variable ? As close as possible

  9. Basic use - Objective driven simulation • Supplied data • Feed stream • Partly defined process models • Objective streams • Results calculated by process models • All streams • Missing parameters of process models • Energy balance • Costs Process 1 Process 3 Process 2 Process 4

  10. WP7 - Integration • Supplying a simulation tool integrating the results of thematic workpackages 1 to 6 • WP1: structural changes • WP2 to 6: models development Model integration Simulator development and Validation

  11. WP7 - Integration of WP1-3 results • System definition - WP1 • Flowsheet and phases • Energetic models - WP2 • Incineration and Landfill models • Costs models - WP3 • Collection, sorting, incineration, composting, landfill models

  12. WP7 - Integration of WP4-6 results • Collection, transport, sorting, landfill - WP4 • Collection model and software (.xls) • Biological treatments - WP5 • Database of 3 plants completely defined • Fermentation model • Thermal treatments - WP6 • Grate furnace incineration model

  13. WP1 integration • Definition of 50 processes and numerous flows

  14. WP1 integration • Waste matrix ->phases model and flows data

  15. WP1 integration result • A guide to draw flowsheets • process name • stream name • A database of default values for flows • A definition of systems enabling to compare different situations

  16. WP2 integration • Incineration model

  17. WP2 integration • Landfill model

  18. WP3 integration • Collection

  19. WP3 integration • Incineration

  20. WP3 integration • Composting

  21. WP3 integration • Sorting

  22. WP3 integration • Landfill

  23. WP4 integration • Software for design and optimisation of collection systems • within geographical limits • Area: community of means • Sub areas: unity of organisation • provides flows, energy spent, emissions, costs • according to collection organisation and means • all basic technical and economic data in open databases • Collection model to incorporate results into the simulator

  24. WP5 integration • Simulators of 3 composting plants

  25. WP5 integration • Complete performance data for all units of equipment

  26. WP5 integration • Fermentation model

  27. Fermentation model • Can be used for all technologies • Takes into account waste composition and chemistry • upstream treatments: selective collection, pre-sorting,… • effect on material balance (solids and losses composition) • Can be also used without data • standard values for couples (waste/technology) • set of defined chemical reactions • Can be also calibrated

  28. WP6 integration • Waste + Air -> bottom ash+flue gas (incl. Fly ash) • Transfer function • More predictive model

  29. Transfer function • Process description • 1000 kg waste -> 300 kg bottom ash + 25 kg fly ash • 3000 kg Air + burned waste -> 3675 kg Gas • May be used without any data • May be adjusted if flowrates are available • Not able to predict change in performance if waste change

  30. More predictive approach ## Reaction Name 1 C -> CO org. 1 Waste /Corg 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /CO org. 2 CO->CO2 org 1 Gas /CO org. 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /CO2 org. 3 C->CO fossil 1 Waste /Cfossil 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /CO fossil 4 CO->CO2fossil 1 Gas /CO fossil 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /CO2 fossil 5 O2 production 2 Waste /O ----> 1 Gas /O2 6 H2O production 2 Waste /H 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /H2O 7 Water->vapour 1 Water /H2O ----> 1 Gas /H2O 8 NO2 fuel production 1 Waste /N 1 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /NO2 9 NO2 gas production 1 Gas /N2 2 Gas /O2 ----> 2 Gas /NO2 10 N2 production 2 Waste /N ----> 1 Gas /N2 11 Hum -> H2O (l) 1 Waste /H2O ----> 1 Water /H2O 12 SO2 production 1 Waste /S 1 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /SO2 13 HCl production 1 Waste /H 1 Waste /Cl ----> 1 Gas /HCl 14 Cl2 production 2 Waste /Cl ----> 1 Gas /Cl2 15 F2 2 Waste /F ----> 1 Gas /F2 16 Cd production 1 Waste /Cd ----> 1 Gas /Cd 17 Hg production 1 Waste /Hg ----> 1 Gas /Hg 18 HCl neutralization 2 Gas /HCl 1 Water /Ca(OH)2 ----> 1 Water /CaCl2 2 Water /H2O 19 SO2 neutralization 1 Gas /SO2 1 Water /Ca(OH)2 ----> 1 Water /CaSO3 1 Water /H2O • Based on phases description and • Description of transfer between phases

  31. Model integration

  32. Result • Takes into account waste composition and chemistry • upstream treatments: selective collection, pre-sorting,… • effect on material balance (solids and flue gas composition) • effect on energy recovery calculation • Can be also used without data • standard values for waste composition • set of defined chemical reactions • Can be also calibrated • Can predict the flowrate of combustion air • air regulation for a given set-point of O2 • grades of emissions

  33. Specific challenge (and work) in WP7 • Train the partners on modelling and simulation • Responsability in achieving an operational tool • participation in models validation • Landfill model • Transport model • Sorting model

  34. Advantages of simulator (1/2) An original design: Results of phenomenological modelling studies of processes Library of predictive models Database of real plants data.

  35. Advantages of simulator (2/2) Two types of use: Definition of strategies following a big scale approach (country, region, local community): • image, state of an existing situation • study of consequences (economical) of changes of a given scheme. ‚More technical analysis following an approach at process scale: • optimisation of an existing treatment plant. • Determination of possible progress.

  36. Practical use of the simulator • Use in the frame of a methodology for a given objective • sizing • optimisation • adaptation • Use according to the availability of data • default values provided (streams, processes) • real case values allow to adjust the models and the simulator • redundant values allow to improve the picture of reality and the precision of the simulator • Special skills needed • ability to use concepts (models and simulation) • training on software

  37. Interest of the simulator • The choice of suitable MSW treatment methods • Process based approach • The optimised management of processing (assessment, control, analysis of the existing situation). • The optimisation of the installations

  38. WP7 Conclusion • The partners results have been integrated • The tool has been completed to carry out the case studies • The main challenging part of the project has been achieved • The case studies will demonstrate the capabilities of the simulation approach and the related constraints for its implementation

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