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NORTH. CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES. ADVANTAGES Larger population More industry More resources Better banking system More railroad mileage Abraham Lincoln More ships. DISADVANTAGES Faced hostile people Southern territory unfamiliar. SOUTH. CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES.
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NORTH CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES Larger population More industry More resources Better banking system More railroad mileage Abraham Lincoln More ships DISADVANTAGES Faced hostile people Southern territory unfamiliar
SOUTH CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES Strong popular support Familiar territory Superior military leadership DISADVANTAGES Smaller population Few factories Less food production Fewer railroad miles Fewer ships Jefferson Davis Belief in states’ rights
Strategies • Use a Blockade to cut off the south. • Stops supplies and reinforcements • Control the Mississippi to cut the south in half • But the plan takes a lot of time • Lincoln does not want to wait and order the invasion of Virginia. Anaconda Plan King Cotton • South used a defensive war. • Try to make allies with other countries (Britain and France) • Europe needs cotton • South tries force them to help by controlling cotton trade.
NORTH CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES • The Anaconda Plan • Blockade the South • Split the Confederacy by gaining • control of the Mississippi River • Capture Richmond, the Confederate • capital
SOUTH CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES • WIN RECOGNITION AS AN • INDEPENDENT NATION • Capture Washington, D.C. • Seize central Pennsylvania • Defend homeland until • North tired of fighting • Get Britain to pressure • North to end blockade to • restore cotton supplies
General George McClellan • Lincoln Appoints McClellan • trains “Army of the Potomac”
CSA Feeling Good! Lee decides to venture into Union territory – Pennsylvania • Why do that?!? • Supplies • Get USA to move troops from Vicksburg on Miss River • CSA victory in the north will upset politics in the north
[July 1-3, 1863] Gettysburg Overview • Small PA town, 3 day battle, TURNING POINT IN WAR, 94o & humid, CSA looking for shoes Day 1 • Confederates looking for shoes go into PA • Gets into a fight w/Union cavalry • Fighting attracts additional troops in this unlikely town of Gettysburg • Confederates took town, Union retreated to a HILL
[July 1-3, 1863] Gettysburg Day 2 • 90,000 Union/ 75,000 Confederates • Little Round Top abandoned by mistake – Key position • Lee orders troops to Little Round Top (offensive strategy) • 20th Maine troops went to defend • Under command of Chamberlain • 20th Maine & Chamberlain: defend hill successfully
[July 1-3, 1863] Gettysburg Day 3 • Lee commits Confederate troops to one final attack to center of Union line – Longstreet disagrees • Guns quieted in afternoon – Lee thought Union was weakened - orders CHARGE! • Pickett’s Charge: CSA loses 75% of men
[July 1-3, 1863] Gettysburg So What? Results • Lee retreats to VA – Army/CSA never recovers • Lee deterred from going on offensive again • Each side loses 30% of men • Union: 23,000/CSA:28,000
Review • How many days was Gettysburg fought for? • Who was the General at Gettysburg? • Why did the CSA forces decide to head into PA? • What did Lee expect would happen if they scored a win in the North?
Siege of Vicksburg - What • Union Army of the Potomac in PA – Won Gettysburg • Union & forces want to gain complete control of the Miss. River • Vicksburg was one of the 2 CSA forts preventing control over the Miss. River • Strategic location • Grierson & cavalry • Weakened RR & transport • Distract rebels so infantry can get to Vicksburg
Siege of Vicksburg - What • Weakened defenses – bombarded fort with gun/cannon fire • Starve out inhabitants – ate mules, dogs, rats • Siege: May (late) – July 6 WEEKS! • July 3rd (same day as Pickett’s Charge) - Terms of surrender offered • City Fell – July 4th
Siege of Vicksburg – Results • A few days later last CSA holdout fell – CSA officially split in 2!
Outside the lines November 19, 1863 - Gettysburg Address • Ceremony to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg, where Lincoln was asked to add a few remarks. Lincoln follows a two-hour speech with his two minute speech – Unifies nation! • Morale in CSA went down as war went on – Why? • March 1864 – Lincoln appoints U.S. Grant as commander of all Union armies
Outside the lines • Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman commander of military division of Mississippi • Grant & Sherman’s commitment to WAR – TOTAL WAR • Essential to fight South’s CIVILIAN population • Why? • Civilians produced weapons, grew food and transported goods • Civilians & their willingness to fight keeps battle going
The Virginia Campaign - What • From Wilderness to Petersburg, Grant keeps pushing Lee back • Not all battles won by Union • CSA lost 35,000 men (COULD NOT REPLACE) • USA lost 65,000 men (COULD REPLACE) • Grant is called a “butcher”
The Virginia Campaign - Results • Union pushed back Confederate forces to south Virginia • Killed men who the CSA could not replace
Sherman’s March to the Sea - WHAT • Sept 1864 – Sherman takes Atlanta “Burning of Atlanta” • Abandons supply lines @ Atlanta - creates line of destruction to the Sea • Lived off land as they went • Destroyed land as they went; freed approx 25,000 slaves who eagerly joined Union army • Ultimate goal – SOUTH CAROLINA • Why?
Sherman’s March to the Sea – So What? – Results! • Example of TOTAL WAR (not sparing civilians & land • civilians are helping the war w/ food & weapons production, etc. • Continued to S.C. capital – Columbia! • Center of railroads, printing presses • Turns north - help Grant fight Lee
Sherman’s March to the SeaNovember 15-December 20, 1864 • General William Tecumseh Sherman, Union troops push to Atlanta • Captures Atlanta (September 1864), marches to sea, wages total war • Union troops tear up rail lines, destroy crops, burn and loot towns • Sherman’s success helps Lincoln win re-election • Sherman captures Savannah As the Union army moved through the South, they would destroy train tracks by heating up the rails and bending them into a bow which became known as “Sherman’s Neckties”