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AS MOD 2

AS MOD 2 SOCIO-CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL EFFECTS ON PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PERFORMANCE. THE ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANISATION OF SPORT IN THE UK. PARTICIPATION PYRAMID. Excellence. Performance. Participation. Foundation. FOUNDATION.

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AS MOD 2

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  1. AS MOD 2 SOCIO-CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL EFFECTS ON PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PERFORMANCE THE ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANISATION OF SPORT IN THE UK

  2. PARTICIPATION PYRAMID Excellence Performance Participation Foundation FOUNDATION Intro to basic sport skills, mostly via physical education programmes in schools PARTICIPATION Individ participates out of choice, for fun and to develop skills PERFORMANCE High club or regional standard; commitment in training and perfecting skills EXCELLENCE Elite is the level to which only a few aspire

  3. INTRODUCTION Mod 2 concentrates on ADMINISTRATION of physical recreation and sport at the PARTICIPATION or GRASS ROOTS LEVEL In the UK: For majority of 20th C, little legislation given to sport by UK Gov’s Sport developed from GRASS ROOTS level up, not from Gov policy Structure for delivering and administrating sport are very complex, having evolved over a century and a half in an “ad hoc” fashion DECENTRALIZED system, allowing regions to adapt policies suitable to their own needs, but has led to similar and competing roles

  4. ADMINISTRATION OF SPORT AND ACTIVE RECREATION IN THE UK 4 main sectors 1.) Local Government (public sector provision) Education (schools, FE, and HE) 2.) 3.) Voluntary Sector (clubs and NGBs) 4.) Private Sector KEY ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN SPORT IN ENGLAND National (Gov): - Dept of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) - Dept for Education and Skills (DfES – funding PE and School Sport) National (non Gov): - UK Sport - UK Sport Institutes - Sport England - English Institute of Sport (EIS) - NGBs - National sports organisations inc: Youth Sports Trust (YST), Central Council of physical Recreation (CCPR), Sports Leaders UK, SportsCoach UK

  5. Regional • Sport England’s Regional Offices • Regional cultural consortia (brings together activities of DCMS in regions) • 9 Regional sports boards (RSB) brings together key regional sports stakeholders • Gov offices (each has DCMS rep) • Regional Federations of Sport and Recreation bring together NGB reps and other organizations at regional/country level • County partnerships • NGBs at regional and county level Local • LOCAL AUTHORITIES • NGB at local level • LOCAL SPORTS COUNCILS • LOCAL SPORTS CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS • PRIVATE HEALTH AND FITNESS CLUBS • Further and higher education institutions/schools IMPORTANT POINTS Central Gov, through DCMS, responsible for overall devel of sports policy in England 1.) 2.) 4 sports councils – Sport England - Sport Scotland - Sports Council for Wales - Sports Council for Northern Ireland Form link between gov and sports organizations and distribute lottery and gov funding

  6. 3.) National sports organizations are independent of gov e.g British Sports Trust 4.) Each sport has at least 1 NGB which oversees rules and competitions. Also delivers funds for coaches, officials and administrators 5.) Local Authorities are biggest key providers for sport and rec. They can choose what level of provision they provide. They work in partnership with voluntary and private sectors providing sport through Sport Development Officers (SDO’s) 6.) Voluntary run local sports clubs (affiliated to NGB’s) provide most opportunities at participation level FUNDING FOR SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Public Sector Government Various sources: Local Authorities Voluntary Sector Unpaid contributions Private Sector Television Sponsorship

  7. LOTTERY FUNDING Has significantly increased amount of funding for sport combined with increases in exchequer/gov funding and TV rights VOLUNTARY SECTOR Holds up GRASS ROOTS delivery with 110,000 community amateur sports clubs run by 1.5 million volunteers PRIVATE SECTOR Grown dramatically with 3 million people belonging to private fitness clubs compared to 2.4 million members of PUBLIC health and fitness centres QUESTION: 1.) Is this an alternative to Public provision in the future? 2.) What about the people who clearly could not afford high membership fees charged by private clubs 3.) Should lottery money be spent on sport? Justify?

  8. REASONS FOR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN SPORT (MINE SPILL) Why? M MILITARY. Healthy pop is more likely to be able to defend the country I INDIVIDUALIZING. Individ becomes happier/successful person through sport N NATIONAL PRESTIGE. “feel good” factor a nation experiences through international sport success E ECONOMIC. Sport is big business, gov receives more revenue from sport than it gives it S SOCIALIZING or NATIONALIZING. Values learnt from sport participation produce valuable who respect social order and are loyal/patriotic P POLITICAL INDOCTRINATION. Using sport to influence the beliefs of a nation e.g 1936 Olympics, Hitler used it as showcase for Aryan superiority I INTERNATIONAL GOODWILL. Countries come together through sport opening avenues of communication that may be lost politically L LABOUR FUNCTION. Using sport to create healthy/productive workers e.g military drill in 19th C state schools L LEGISLATIVE. Laws are passed r.e sport e.g safety issues, spectator violence, sport policies

  9. KEY GOVERNMENT POLICIES IMPACTING ON SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (FAGESH) F FACILITIES - Provided by LA’s - Gov introduced protection to stop unnecessary sale of school playing fields A A SPORTING FUTURE FOR ALL (2001) – Gov’s vision for sport in 20th C highlights importance of co-ordinating sport between schools, local clubs and organizations G GAME PLAN (2002) – The implementation of “A Sporting Future for All”. It recommended: - developing the UK’s sport and Physical activity culture - enhancing International success - improving approach to mega events and major sport facilities - improving organizational structures to deliver sport and physical activity E EQUITY - Gov wants opportunity for all to participate in sport, regardless of age, sex, race or disability - Social inclusion for under-represented groups: children in schools people with disabilities/spec needs ethnic minorities women S SPORT: RAISING THE GAME (1995) H HEALTH - Gov’s overall objective is to increase participation levels so society achieves minimum levels of physical activity to maintain health - Key aim is to ensure young people continue to be active beyond school leaving age

  10. LOCAL AUTHORITIES - Gov believes CULTURE, SPORT and TOURISM can improve people’s QUALITY of LIFE - Gov believes investment in sport is a necessity for LOCAL AUTHORITIES (LA’s) - LA’s are largest providers of sporting opportunities encouraging people to lead healthy, active lifestyles, esp young people - LEISURE SERVICES (sport, arts, museums, parks and recreation) have to use BEST VALUE process Q.) What is Best Value? A key Gov policy requiring LA’s to consider the best value for money they can provide as well as the value of the experiences they offer • To provide strategic direction for provision of sport in region • It identifies key issues and sets a framework for managing performance Q.) What is its purpose?

  11. SPORTS DEVELOPMENT - Process that LA’s are involved in to enhance opportunities for all people of all ages, interests and level of ability to take part, get better and excel in their chosen sport • It is: relevant to local needs • enables others to provide opportunities • partnership-based • raises awareness that equal opps requires enormous effort • Key organizations involved that influence LA’s are: Gov Strategy Unit • DCMS • Sport England Key messages are: - important health benefits of active participation in sport - strong “feel good” factor brought by sporting success - importance of young people taking part in sport, in and out of school, and maintaining this participation positive impact sport has on local communities

  12. BEST VALUE • Along with Sport England, LA’s have worked to improve sport through • - facility development • - raising standards of management • - sports development initiatives • - events • - campaigns Q.) What is Best Value about? - finding out what people want and expect - setting standards that match expectations - delivering services to these standards - measuring and demonstrating successful service delivery - reviewing expectations, standards, delivery and success Q.) Why invest in sport? - Improved health - Reduced crime - Economic regeneration - Improved employment opportunities

  13. Q.) What does sport have the potential to do for a community? - Encourage those who feel excluded from society to access a wide range of services and facilities, creating a sense of purpose, bringing people together and providing common identity - Contribute to personal development through enhancement of new skills, social interaction and well-being - Deter people from anti-social behaviour, allowing them to channel and challenge offending behaviour in a non-threatening way - Improve health by keeping people physically active and promoting the health benefits associated with exercise - Create employment opportunities, which help to improve the economy - Advance young people’s development by instilling self-belief and a sense of achievement

  14. Q.) Imagine you work for a LA, and need to prepare a development plan for sport. What factors would you need to consider? - ECONOMIC: wealth of the community - CULTURAL: local ethnic mix - GEOGRAPHICAL: is it a rural or urban population - POLITICAL INFLUENCES: the opinions of the elected council/historical investment in sport - FACILITIES: from education and private sectors, etc - AIMS/PLANS OF OTHER GROUPS

  15. Q.) What does “DUAL-USE” facility mean? - Where a local school’s facilities could be used by a local community after school, at weekends and in the school holidays. These facilities usually have a centre manager who co-ordinates use of it. Costs were shared between authorities. Want are the strengths and weaknesses of it? Q.)

  16. LOCAL PROVISION OF LEISURE - Public (via LA) Q.) local provision of leisure comes from which 3 areas? - Private (profit making businesses) - Voluntary (grass roots of local clubs) Q.) What are their characteristics?

  17. Q.) What are the objectives of each sector?

  18. SPORT ENGLAND What is it? • Gov funded agency responsible for providing strategic lead for sport in England to deliver Gov’s objectives • Distributor of lottery sports fund What is its role? • Strategic lead for sport in England • makes investments through partners • provide advice, support to partners and customers • influence decision makers and public opinion on sport START – increase participation in sport in order to improve health of the nation, esp priority groups STAY – retain people in sport and active rec through clubs, sports facilities and coaches, volunteers and competitive opportunities SUCCEED – achieve sporting success at every level ENSURE INTERNAL EFFICIENCY – operate and allocate resources with max effectiveness What are its objectives?

  19. ACTIVE SPORTS PROGRAMME What is it? Scheme run by Sport in England based on 4 policies 1.) ACTIVE SCHOOLS forms foundation 2.) ACTIVE COMMUNITIES breaks down barriers to participation and considers equity issues 3.) ACTIVE SPORTS links participation to excellence e.g Millennium Youth Games 4.) WORLD CLASS ENGLAND operates 4 programmes to develop top performance Majority of funding comes from Lottery SPORTSMARK AND ACTIVEMARK - Awards given to Schools for showing good provision of sport and PE - Currently being revamped as Gov making investment into PE and school sport and is delivering the national school sport strategy

  20. PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SCHOOL SPORT AND CLUB LINKS STRATEGY (PESSCLS) - Joint DCMS/DfES initiative What is it? - To enhance the take-up of sporting opportunities of 5 – 16 yr olds to increase the amount of HIGH QUALITY PE AND SCHOOL SPORT (currently min 2hrs/week) within and beyond the curriculum 8 components: Specialist Sports Colleges School Sport Partnerships: A cascade of 1 Specialist Sports College, 8 Secondary Schools and 45 primary Schools Gifted and Talented: Aims to improve quality of teaching, coaching and learning and raise aspirations to improve performance, motivation and self-esteem QCA Investigation: The Qualifications and Curriculum Authority investigates impact of “High quality sport and PE”. Benefits of attendance, better behaviour, positive attitudes and higher self-esteem Step into Sport: Encourages children and young people to lead and volunteer Professional Development: Club Links: Swimming:

  21. PESSCLS cont’d What could “High quality PE and Sport in Schools” improve? - Pupil concentration, commitment and self-esteem, leading to higher attendance, better behaviour and attainment - Fitness levels: reducing obesity and chances of CHD and Diabetes - Success in International competition, ensuring talented young people have a pathway to elite sport NATIONAL GOVERNING BODIES What are they responsible for? Responsible for its own sport, overseeing competitions and ensuring internationally agreed rules are adhered to. Affiliated to International Sports Federation eg FA and FIFA

  22. SPORTS LEADERS UK Provides opportunity and motivation for people to make meaningful contributions to community Through Sports Leader Awards, people can learn to work with and organise others, motivational, teamwork and communication skills The Awards are: JUNIOR SPORTS LEADER AWARD (14-16 yrs) Taught in schools within NC for PE at KS 4 to develop organising activities, planning, communicating and motivating COMMUNITY SPORTS LEADER AWARD (16+ yrs) Taught in schools, colleges, youth clubs, prisons and sports/leisure centres HIGHER SPORTS LEADER AWARD Builds on CSLA training people to lead community groups such as older people, people with disabilities and primary school children BASIC EXPEDITION LEADER AWARD What core values might these Awards develop? Leadership Encouraging volunteering in communities Reducing youth crime Skills for life Supporting more active, healthier communities Stepping stone to employment

  23. YOUTH SPORTS TRUST It supports education and development of young people via PE and sport so they can experience and enjoy it Has developed a series of linked and progressive schemes: TOP programmes (18 months – 18 yrs) Inclusion of young disabled people Encouraging more teenage girls to participate Tackling social exclusion within primary schools through playground development Supporting Gifted and Talented young sports people

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