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The History of the Twenties! Rip Roaring Good Times! That is until…

The History of the Twenties! Rip Roaring Good Times! That is until…. Times are changing! . Coming into the twenties, the U.S. was just leaving WWI and feeling the after-effects of the ‘Great War’

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The History of the Twenties! Rip Roaring Good Times! That is until…

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  1. The History of the Twenties!Rip Roaring Good Times!That is until…

  2. Times are changing! • Coming into the twenties, the U.S. was just leaving WWI and feeling the after-effects of the ‘Great War’ • Everyone thought that this war was the war to end all wars and nothing could be worse that it so they were pretty happy. • Happiness boomed in the U.S. and in Europe! 

  3. Progressivism • Even though this movement began after the Civil War, in reaction to the sudden industrialization. • This continued into the time after WWI because there was a growth of industry, a breakdown of government, the growth of business powers, and other things that are unique to progressivism. • The people in this movement had confidence in the government to fix these social evils. • This movement faded in and out throughout the twenties depending on popular movements.

  4. Religions… • Evolution came into popular society in the 20’s, particularly in the area of education. • The Scopes trial took place in Tennessee, when a biology teacher taught evolution even though it was against the law. John Scopes was brought to trial and found guilty. William Jennings Bryan, the lawyer prosecuting Scopes, said, “You believe in the age of rocks. I believe in the Rock of Ages.”

  5. Religions cont’d. • Even though Scopes was found guilty, the trial still showed a movement toward more modern attitudes. • Some religions went with the new changes in modern society, while others continued to keep a strict sense of religions. These Fundamentalists believed in strict inerrancy of the Bible and its infallibility.

  6. The Eighteenth Amendment • PROHIBITION! • Surprisingly, no one objected to this amendment when it was passed. The government passed this in 1919 when the U.S. was just coming out of WWI and the people were not focused on this issue. Some thought it would be a good thing. • No one expected it to so hard to enforce.

  7. Problems of Prohibition • Once the law was passed, the government had the difficult task of enforcing this law. They tried to stop the production of alcohol but this just led to TROUBLE… • Gangs began making bootleg alcohol which would be sold under the table. This also led to a rise in gangs and gang crimes. Gangs became more territorial and fought for what they believed was their’s. Figures such as Al Capone came into society.

  8. Fashion • There were many changes in fashion, most notably in women • Shorter hair • Shorter skirts • Not ashamed to show skin • They were not necessarily super short, but showed more skin than had been shown before.

  9. Pop Icons • With the advancement of television and Hollywood, the world was introduced to pop icons. These came in the form of movie stars, radio stars, and baseball stars. • Unfortunately, the fad of being thin came into being and everyone began dieting and watching what they ate. There was an image that everyone was trying to achieve.

  10. Women’s Movements • Women gained the right to vote in 1920 in the 19th Amendment. • Even though they achieved this, women still had to work towards being more accepted and having a voice in government and other political arenas. • One thing they advocated was the rights of children.

  11. World Stage of Politics • In Europe, feelings weren’t as happy as they were in the U.S. because most of the fighting took place on European soil. The Europeans had to rebuild their countries. • In an effort to help accomplish this, the U.S. lent money to many countries, to help them rebuild. • Germany became disgruntled because they were forced to make reparations for the war.

  12. Russia’s problems • The Bolshevik Revolution occurred in Russia after they dropped out of the war. The revolution did affect Russia only. The United States became wary of communism and an uprising that would overthrow their capitalistic democratic government. • A general distrust of immigration and Russia came from this ‘Red Scare’ even though it lasted only about a year. It led to a continued distrust of foreign countries.

  13. CRASH!!! • So, things were looking good for the United States and the rest of the world as they made it to the end of the twenties. • Then, the United Sates stock market, in October of 1929, crashed! This was a devastating blow to the U.S. as well as the rest of the world; because the U.S. had helped so many countries out with finances, everyone felt the affects of the crash.

  14. The End (of an Era) • What started out as a happy decade ended with many people loosing hope and falling apart. • This tragic end set things in motion around the globe. • Everyone was affected by what happened in the U.S. The entire economic system of many countries were put to question as they lost the support of the U.S.’s economy.

  15. Music of The Time • America and Europe were in different places in terms of musical style.

  16. American Music ONE WORD: JAZZ

  17. What Is Jazz? • Merging of three different genres: ragtime, sacred music/spirituals, and the blues. • “Jazz is… characterized by improvisation, syncopated rhythms, and contrapuntal ensemble playing. Jazz… was played on the theory that an infinite amount of melodies can fit the chord progression of any composition. A common pattern of jazz was AABA, with four 8-measure sections forming a pattern: section A twice, section B, or the bridge, once, then section A again.”

  18. Six Distinct Elements • Polyrhythm • Syncopation • Swing • Improvisation • Use of “blues” notes • Theme-and-variation form

  19. Why did it fit? • Brought new liveliness and excitement that many were already feeling after the war. • Prohibition forced jazz into gangster-run nightclubs where blacks and whites mixed. I • Advent of radio and victrola allowed music into homes throughout country. • Migrated to North with the “Great Migration” of blacks from the south to the north.

  20. Opposition • The Progressive movement: • Saw jazz as the devil’s music. • Moral disaster is coming to hundreds of young American girls,’ through the pathological, nerve-irritating, sex-exciting music of jazz orchestras’ (New York American). • Not music, but just noise

  21. Who? • Paul Whiteman • Louis Armstrong • Fletcher Henderson • Bessie Smith • Jelly Roll Morton • Duke Ellington

  22. Europe… • Rebuilding after WWI caused them to shy away from the romantic notions of pre- WWI. • Two new “isms” • Modernism • Neoclassicism

  23. Who? • Béla Bartók • Arthur Honegger • Stravinsky • Schoenberg • Schnittke @

  24. The Synthesis of Music & History

  25. “We should expect modern music [20th century music] to partake of the nature of the soil from which it grows, to reflect the ideas of our time, the intellectual, moral, social, economical and conditions of our world” (Leichtentritt, Music, History and Ideas)

  26. America: The influence of history on musical culture • Post-World War I • Overthrow of Romantic notions • Nationalistic tendencies, yet European connections • A “New movement” • Foreign composers become U.S. residents

  27. A new generation of American composers. • With the synthesis of European and American ideas, already existing American music synthesized with newer forms. • Recognition of the importance of music • The International Composers’ Guild (1921) The League of Composers (1923)

  28. Music in Britain • Again, nationalism after the war • But in Britain, musically a state of turmoil • Still clinging to Romantic past • War doesn’t allow technological advances, even musically…

  29. Most important music aspect of the time…JAZZ • Influenced by African American culture—The Harlem Renaissance—and furthered by 1921’s Prohibition, before spreading to Europe. George Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue is an example of “symphonic jazz; ” it is an American “classic.”

  30. The Harlem Renaissance & Prohibition

  31. The “mainland” of Europe • Greatly affected by WWI • The rise of Neo-Classicism + Modernism (Stravinsky in Russia) • Stravinsky’s operas reflect a feeling of nostalgia and bitterness about his feelings toward Russia. • Italy: intense nationalism

  32. Bibliography • http://www.1929crash.info/1929_Stock_Market_Crash.html • www.utexas.edu/features/archive/2004/fashion.html • www.tqnyc.org/NYC063369/fads.htm • www.fashion-era.com/flapper_fashion_1920s.htm • http://www.tahg.org/module_display.php?mod_id=15&review=yes • http://www.authentichistory.com/1900s/prohibition/prohibition02.html • http://www.authentichistory.com/1900s/prohibition/bureau_of_prohibition_sign.html

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