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Exoticism, Orientalism and Primitivism in French Painting

Exoticism, Orientalism and Primitivism in French Painting . Delacroix, Ingres, Gérôme, Monet, Gauguin and others. Edward Saïd, Orientalism.

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Exoticism, Orientalism and Primitivism in French Painting

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  1. Exoticism, Orientalism and Primitivism in French Painting Delacroix, Ingres, Gérôme, Monet, Gauguin and others

  2. Edward Saïd, Orientalism “The Orient was almost a European invention, and had been since antiquity a place of romance, exotic beings, haunting memories and landscapes, and remarkable experiences.” 1978

  3. Orientalist art in 19th c. France:•focus on a common fascination with a region rather than a movement or a style•depiction of aspects of daily life in the predominantly Muslim culture of the Middle East

  4. Eugene Delacroix 1798-1863 • one of the most renowned Romantic painters of the 19th century •traveled to Morocco and Algiers in 1830 •rejected Italian pilgrimage normally taken by French artists •subject matter began to include Eastern peoples, clothing, decorative objects •luminous quality of light •vibrant colors

  5. The Death of Sardanapalus 1827

  6. Liberty Leading the People 1830

  7. The Women of Algiers 1834

  8. Lion Hunt 1856

  9. Jean-Auguste Dominique INGRES 1780-1867

  10. Odalisque 1814

  11. Odalisque and Slave 1840

  12. The Turkish Bath 1862

  13. Édouard Manet 1832-1883Away from Romanticism towards Realism, ImpressionismOne of the first 19th century artists to approach modern-life subjects as opposed to mythological or Biblical subjects

  14. Manet’s Olympia: 1863

  15. Gustave Moreau 1826-1898•symbolist •illustration of Christian and mythological figures•literary ideas over visual images

  16. Salomé1876

  17. Jean-Leon Gérôme, 1824-1904•highly influenced by Delacroix•visited Egypt in 1850s•several subsequent trips to Near East•nostalgia for a culture in which women were very much in their place, usually the harem or the slave market

  18. The Snake Charmer 1880

  19. The Moorish Bath 1870

  20. Dance of the Almeh (date unknown)

  21. AllumeusedeNarghilé

  22. Harem Pool (date unknown)

  23. A Chat By The Fireside 1881

  24. Edward SaïdOrientalism1979

  25. Edward Saïd on contemporary Western depictions of the Middle Eastern man:•irrational•menacing•untrustworthy•anti-Western•dishonest•prototypical

  26. The Orient as•separate•eccentric•backward•silently different•sensual•passive

  27. Napoleon invades Egypt, 1798 • Description de L’Egypt published between 1809-1822 • Knowledge as power • The Orient as an “exhibition”: the representation is more real than reality • Flaubert visits Egypt, 1849

  28. Nerval, in Egypt, writing to Gautier, in France:“Think of it no more! That Cairo [the one they had imagined via literature, images, etc.] lies between the ashes and dirt,…dust-laden and dumb. I really wanted to set the scene for you here. But…it is only in France that the cafés seem so Oriental.”

  29. Orientalism is “a manner of regularized (or Orientalized) writing, vision, and study, dominated by imperatives, perspectives, and ideological biases ostensibly suited to the Orient.” It is the image of the ‘Orient’ expressed as an entire system of thought and scholarship.

  30. The Orient signifies a system of representations framed by political forces that brought the Orient into Western learning, Western consciousness, and Western empire. The Orient exists for the West, and is constructed by and in relation to the West. It is a mirror image of what is inferior and alien (“Other”) to the West. The Orient is reduced to one prototype, not a collection of varying cultures.

  31. The Oriental is the person represented. The man is depicted as feminine, weak, yet strangely dangerous because poses a threat to white, Western women. The woman is both eager to be dominated and strikingly exotic. The Oriental is a single image, a sweeping generalization, a stereotype that crosses countless cultural and national boundaries.

  32. Orientalist art•a reflection of ourselves (the artists) rather than the true Orient•our projected dreams and desires

  33. ORIENTALISMVS.EXOTICISM?

  34. Claude Monet 1840-1926 Waterlillies 1914

  35. Houses of Parliament at Sunset 1904

  36. Haystack at Sunset 1891

  37. Hosukai (Japanese)South Wind Clear Dawn 1831

  38. La Japonaise 1876 A response to the phenomenon of “Japonisme” and the obsession in France with all things Japanese

  39. Camille Pissarro 1830-1903 Danish, worked in France Paul Gauguin’s mentor and teacher and one of the great Impressionists

  40. PeasantsGatheringGrass 1881

  41. Place du Theatre Français 1898

  42. Pont Neuf: Fog 1902

  43. Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 From France to the Polynesian Islands From Impressionist to Symbolist

  44. Still Life with Peaches

  45. Market Gardens of Vaugirard 1879

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