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RELEC project ( R elativistic ELEC trons )

RELEC project ( R elativistic ELEC trons ). MICROSATELLITE KARAT FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS, ASTROPHYSICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. 2. Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft. UNIFICATED SPACECRFAFT KARAT WITH PAYLOAD. Spacecraft mass on the orbit – 110 kg Three-axes orientation

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RELEC project ( R elativistic ELEC trons )

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  1. RELECproject(RelativisticELECtrons)

  2. MICROSATELLITE KARAT FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS, ASTROPHYSICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 2 Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft

  3. UNIFICATED SPACECRFAFT KARAT WITH PAYLOAD Spacecraft mass on the orbit – 110 kg Three-axes orientation Active operational time of a mission no lesss than 3 years 3 Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft

  4. VIBRO-DYNAMIC TESTS 4 Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft

  5. 5 Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft

  6. TEST ‘S FACILITY 6 Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft

  7. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL SPACECRAFT KARAT ELABORATION • already tested and elaborated Russian on-board systems, instruments, modules and units are used; • design and interfaces are made in accordance wuth international standards; • module construction of small spacecraft; • on-board systems formed the spacecraft are also unificated. Spacecraft mass is about 100 kg Stabilisation accuracy - 4 ×10-3 degree/s Orientation accuracy - 10·solid min Time of active operations 3 year On-board memory volume - no less than 8 GByte Scientific data transfer with the use of S-LINEwill done of ciast th wjПередача научной информации по радиолинии S- или X–диапазона Spacecraft ative is actyve 3aода 7 Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft

  8. EXPERIMENT RELEC ON-NOARD KARAT MISSION • Goal of experiments: • study of cosmic ray and magnetosphere energetic particle acting on the upper Atmosphere • study of atmosphere transient luminous effects. 8 Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft

  9. Mission control and data receiving will be provide be the Mission Control Centre of Lavochkin space corporation as well as the compact ground receivers. Ground receivers with antenna diameter 3,7 and 5 m Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft 9

  10. Special mission Group launching Dnepr Soyuz Rokot Start-M By-pass mission 10 Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft

  11. History of the problem • Discovery of electron radiation belts onboard ELECTRON satellites in 60’s. • MAXIS (1996) experiment onboard balloons, Kiruna. High-energy electrons>500 keV precipitations: Flux -5 х 1025particles for eight days was detected at low altitudes . Total number of trapped electrons – 2 х 1025.

  12. 12345678 The X-rays (produced from ~1.7 MeV electrons) measurements showed that there are two main types of precipitation – long-term (~100 s) and short enhancements (~10 s) modulating the count rate. MAXIS measurements.

  13. Precipitation of ~100 keV electrons from radiation belts measured in SAMPEX experiment.

  14. Scientific objectives • Magnetosphere relativistic electron acceleration and precipitation research. • Study of high-energy particle acting on the upper Atmosphere and ionosphere. • Searchof transient phenomena in possible connection with energetic particle interactions in the Atmosphere • Study of acceleration processes in the Atmosphere as the possible source of high energy magnetosphere electrons

  15. Crucial demands • Simultaneous observations of energetic electron & proton flux and low-frequency electromagnetic wave intensity variations with high temporal resolution. • Fine time structure measurements of transient lightning events in optics, UV, X- and gamma rays. • Monitor detection of charge and neutral background particles in different areas of near-Earth space.

  16. Demands to the instruments • electron detectors: wide energy range (~0.1-10.0 MeV), temporal resolution ~1 ms, pitch-angle distribution measuring, wide dynamical range (from ~0.1 up to 105 part./cm2s). • Low-frequency analyzer: measuring of two field components at least, frequency bands ~0.1-10 kHz. • X- and gamma-ray detectors: temporal resolution ~1 mcs, sensitivity ~10-8 erg/cm2 for burst. • Additional: detecting of protons with energies > 1 MeV, wide-field observe of Atmosphere in optics, UV, X- and gamma-rays with possibility of imagination in optics.

  17. Instruments • DRG-1 & DRG-2 - two identical detectors of X-, gamma-rays and high-energy electrons of high temporal resolution and sensitivity • DRG-3 - three axedirected detectors of energetic electrons and protons • Telescope-T - optical imager • DUF - UV detector • NChA - low-frequency analyser • RChA - radio-frequency analyser • DOSTEL - dosimeter module • BE - module of commands and data collection

  18. DRG-1 (DRG-2) instrument Two identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator phosvich detectors, both directed toward the Earth Physical parameters: X- and gamma-quanta electrons energy range 0.01-2.0 MeV, 0.2-10.0 MeV effective area ~200 cm2 ~200 cm2sr (geom. factor) (total ~800 cm2) temporal resolution 0.1 mcs 1.0 ms sensitivity ~5·10-9 erg/cm2 ~10-1 part./cm2s

  19. DRG-3 instrument Three identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator phosvich detectors, directed along three axe mutually normal (as Cartesian coordinate system) Physical parameters: electrons protons energy range 0.1-10.0 MeV, 1.0-100.0 MeV geom. factor ~2 cm2sr ~2 cm2sr temporal resolution 1.0 ms 1.0 ms sensitivity ~10 part./cm2s ~10 part./cm2s

  20. Scintillation detectors To the sky Along the geomagnetic field line

  21. Telesope -T instrument Spectral band: 300-400 nm Angle resolution: 0.4o. Angle of view: 7.5o. Cells number: 4000. Photomultiplier channels number: 64. Time resolution: 100 s. Amplitude range: 105. Optical imager based on multi-grain mirror Physical parameters:

  22. PMT1 PMT2

  23. magnetic and electric field component meters

  24. Ranges of particles and quanta measuring in RELEC experiment Electrons 0.2 – 10 MeV > 10 MeV > 0.3 MeV Protons 0.3 – 60 MeV > 50 MeV 3 – 150 MeV >150 MeV Gamma 0.05 – 1.0 MeV Neutron 0.1 – 30 MeV X-rays 10 – 100 keV UV 300-400 nm

  25. TOTAL RELEC characteristics Mass 45 kg. Power60 W. Data flow500 MB/day.

  26. Other geophysical and space-physics problems can be solved using the same devices • Lithosphere-ionosphere connections (earthquakes) • Atmosphere-ionosphere connections (thunderstorms) Technical applications • Dosimetry and SEU (single event upsets) problem taking into account neutron component of radiation.

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