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Notable Diseases

Notable Diseases . AP Environmental Science. Malaria . Pathogen and/or Vector Protozoa carried by mosquitos Health Impacts Fever, chills. Kills millions each year Other important information

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Notable Diseases

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  1. Notable Diseases AP Environmental Science

  2. Malaria • Pathogen and/or Vector • Protozoa carried by mosquitos • Health Impacts • Fever, chills. Kills millions each year • Other important information • Medicine will cure, but hard to get in Africa. Mosquito nets prevent infection. DDT also prevents.

  3. West Nile Virus • Pathogen and/or Vector • Virus carried by mosquitos • Health Impacts • Fever, chills. Can be deadly • Other important information • Dead birds are 1st indicators of disease. “Newer” disease in USA

  4. Cholera • Pathogen and/or Vector • Bacteria in water • Health Impacts • Diarrhea and death • Other important information • Eliminated in USA, but still in developing countries without clean water to drink

  5. Giardia • Pathogen and/or Vector • Protozoa in water • Health Impacts • Diarrhea and sometimes death • Other important information • In rivers and streams in USA. Hikers/backpackers need to filter water

  6. HIV/AIDS • Pathogen and/or Vector • Virus in blood and sexual secretions • Health Impacts • Attacks the immune system. Deadly • Other important information • Worldwide, but epidemic in Africa

  7. Food-borne illness • Pathogen and/or Vector • E. Coli and Salmonella are two kinds (bacteria) • Health Impacts • Vomiting, diarrhea, occassional death • Other important information • Affects 48 million each year in US • Increasing due to industrialized agriculture

  8. Yellow Fever • Pathogen and/or Vector • Virus carried by mosquitos • Health Impacts • Fever, chills, and death. Damages liver (turns people “yellow”) • Other important information • “older disease” used to kill lots of people in tropical countries

  9. Cryptosporidium • Pathogen and/or Vector • Bacteria with hard capsule or shell • Health Impacts • Diarrhea and death • Other important information • Cannot be killed by chlorine. Needs to be “zapped” with ozone or UV. Killed 69 people in Milwaukee in 1993 with 400,000 sick.

  10. Hepatitis A,B,C • Pathogen and/or Vector • Virus in blood and feces • Health Impacts • Jaundice –liver damage. Possible death • Other important information • Vaccines available

  11. Influenza • Pathogen and/or Vector • Virus • Health Impacts • Fever, chills. Kills thousands in USA each year (usually elderly) • Other important information • H1N1 (swine flu) tends to infect young people

  12. Urban Ecology has lead to higher disease risk • Use Services • Day Care, cleaning services, food prep service, spa and beauty • Restaurants and pre-made food • Increased dramatically. Levels of food-borne illness have skyrocketed despite better refrigeration and food preservation.

  13. Urban Ecology has lead to higher disease risk • Beauty parlor/Barbershops have increased services • Each extra service (waxing, mani/pedi, facial etc.) adds to additional reservoirs of pathogens, vectors and transmission risk. • Health clubs and gyms • Mycobacterium is found in indoor pools and hot tubs. • Many pathogens are now chlorine-resistant.

  14. Urban Ecology has lead to higher disease risk • Globalization • Allows pathogens to “hitchhike” their way to new hosts in new parts of the world • More urban dwellers • Any concentration of people will increase the risk of disease transmission. • Floods, El Nino, hurricanes, earthquakes (Haiti for example) in cities bring high risk of disease

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