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Laboratory Examination

Laboratory Examination. Examination of Urine. pH - will reflect the pH of the serum S pecific gravity reflects the hydration status of the patient and the concentrating ability of the kidney Proteinuria indicate intrinsic renal pathology or the presence of excess protein in the serum.

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Laboratory Examination

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  1. Laboratory Examination

  2. Examination of Urine • pH - will reflect the pH of the serum • Specific gravity • reflects the hydration status of the patient and the concentrating ability of the kidney • Proteinuria • indicate intrinsic renal pathology or the presence of excess protein in the serum. • Glucose and Ketones • screening for diabetes • greater than 180 mg/dL

  3. Examination of Urine • Bilirubin and high levels of Urobilinogen • liver disease or hemolysis. • Hemoglobin, myoglobin, and red blood cells • can produce a positive result on dipstick tests for blood. • Leukocytes and nitrites • inflammation, which is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection. • Leukocyte esterase, • an enzyme found in neutrophils

  4. Urine Culture • Greater than 105 organisms/mL • UTI • 100 organisms/mL of a known urinary pathogen • bacterial infection • Antibiotic sensitiviy testing

  5. Tests for Kidney Function • Specific gravity • with a progressive decrease in renal function, the specific gravity does not decrease below approximately 1.015. • Creatinine clearance • volume of plasma from which creatinine is completely removed per unit of time and is a clinical approximation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal function • Clearance=UV/P • N: 90 to 110 mL/min

  6. Tests for Kidney Function • Gold standard for measuring GFR • Inulin is an ideal substance for measuring GFR because it is completely filtered by the kidney without being secreted or reabsorbed by the tubules. • Vs.Creatinine • Secreted in small amounts by the proximal tubule. Therefore, creatinine clearance will slightly overestimate GFR at all levels of kidney function. • This effect is most pronounced when kidney function is severely compromised, where creatinine clearance can overestimate GFR by as much as 1.5- to twofold.

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