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DIABETES

Mentoring in Medicine Virtual Camp Final project 22 nd August, 2013 By Poojitha Kolluri. DIABETES. Symptoms of Diabetes. Type 1 Excessively thirsty Frequent urination Type 2 – symptoms appear gradually Mild thirst Frequent urination Mild fatigue Blurred vision

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DIABETES

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  1. Mentoring in Medicine Virtual Camp Final project 22nd August, 2013 By Poojitha Kolluri DIABETES

  2. Symptoms of Diabetes • Type 1 • Excessively thirsty • Frequent urination • Type 2 – symptoms appear gradually • Mild thirst • Frequent urination • Mild fatigue • Blurred vision • Vaginal yeast infection

  3. Causes of Diabetes • Type 1 • Autoimmune disease : Genetic factors cause the immune system to attack insulin producing cells of the pancreas. • Type 2 • Insulin resistance : Body does not react to limitation or excess of insulin. Excess glucose in blood eventually damages pancreas.

  4. Frequency • Type 1 • Less commonly occurring than type 2 • Type 2 • About 90% of the people who have diabetes have type 2 diabetes. • Only two-thirds of the people with type 2 diabetes are receiving treatment because early symptoms are hard to notice. • Most commonly in people of First Nations descent, Hispanics, and North Americans of African descent.

  5. Frequency continued Prevalence of Diabetes according to age group in the World • Under 20 years of age • 0.26% of all people in this age group have diabetes • Age 20 years or older • 11.3% of all people in this age group have diabetes • Age 65 years or older • 26.9% of all people in this age group have diabetes • Men • 11.8% of all men aged 20 years or older have diabetes • Women • 10.8% of all women aged 20 years or older have diabetes

  6. Risk Factors • Type 1 Diabetes • Family history • Genetics • Geography – Risk of type 1 diabetes increases as one moves away from the equator • Exposure to certain types of viruses – example: Epstein-Barr virus and coxsackievirus • Dietary factors • Type 2 Diabetes • 40 years or older • Blood vessel diseases • First nation, Hispanic, South Asian or African Descent • High blood pressure and cholesterol • HIV infection • History of gestational diabetes • Mental health disorders

  7. Diagnosis • Diagnosis of Diabetes is based on blood tests • Doctor may diagnose diabetes if the level of glucose in your blood after 8 hours of fasting is 7.0 mmol/L or higher. • A1C test (also called glycated hemoglobin) – calculates average blood glucose over the past 2 to 3 months. Doctor may diagnose diabetes is your blood sugar levels are 6.5% or greater. • Random blood glucose level – Randomly taken at any time of the day. Your doctor diagnoses diabetes if your blood levels are 11.1 mmol/L or higher.

  8. Diagnosis continued • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)- For this test, a person fasts and is then given a drink containing 75 g of carbohydrate. • The blood sugar levels are checked during fasting and 2 hours after consuming the solution. Your doctor may diagnose diabetes if your blood sugar is greater than 11.1 mmol/L after 2 hours. • A combination of tests along with symptoms are necessary for the doctor to confirm diabetes.

  9. Treatment • Type 1 • Need insulin continuously to survive • Type 2 • make lifestyle changes • diet and exercise • use medication • monitor blood glucose levels

  10. References • “Diabetes.” Body and Health.MediResource Inc. 21 August 2013 <http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_condition_info_details.asp?channel_id=1055&relation_id=17519&disease_id=244&page_no=2#Diagnosis>. • “Diabetes.” MedlinePlus. 19 August 2013, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 21 August 2013 <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetes.html#cat3>. • “Diabetes basics.” American Diabetes Association. 20 August 2013. 21 August 2013. <http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/>.

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