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INTRO to the STUDY of HISTORY

INTRO to the STUDY of HISTORY. What is history?. TELLS A STORY…The Story of Humanity’s PAST… It RECORDS/EXPLAINS what people have THOUGHT, SAID, DONE… DEALS W/POLITICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC MATTERS Describes humanity’s efforts to “Improve”? the World…

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INTRO to the STUDY of HISTORY

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  1. INTRO to the STUDY of HISTORY

  2. What is history? • TELLS A STORY…The Story of Humanity’s PAST… • It RECORDS/EXPLAINS what people have THOUGHT, SAID, DONE… • DEALS W/POLITICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC MATTERS • Describes humanity’s efforts to “Improve”? the World… • It incorporates the two fields of Humanities and the Social Sciences…

  3. WHO STUDIES HISTORY? • ARCHEOLOGISTS • ARTIFACTS (OLD “STUFF”) • Also: • ANTHROPOLOGISTS • PALEONTOLOGIGTS • + Many other fields/area of study…

  4. WHY STUDY HISTORY? • LEARN ABOUT OURSELVES/OUR BACKGROUNDS • LEARN LESSONS OF THE PAST (HOPEFULLY!) • BETTER UNDERSTAND OUR WORLD

  5. CONCEPT of TIME/HISTORY • B.C./A.D. (TIMELINE) • BC= before Christ • AD= anno domini= “in the year of our Lord”… • Traditional way of showing time in the Julian and Gregorian calendars • OR: BCE= before common era • OR: CE= common era • Ex: Dates of Roman EMPIRE: 27 BC-----AD 476

  6. Ages of Humanity • Classified by TYPES of HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: • PREHISTORIC PERIOD- before 4,000 BC • BEFORE WRITING • PALEOLITHIC/NEOLITHIC PERIODS (The STONE Ages) • NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION- c. 10,000BC • -Turning point in History…

  7. Ages of Humanity • HISTORIC PERIOD- (since 4,000 BC) • AFTER WRITING/WRITTEN RECORDS • Ex: Copper/Bronze/Iron Ages…

  8. HISTORY of “WESTERN” CIVILIZATION • 1. ‘ANCIENT’ HISTORY- 4,000BC – AD 500 • 2. ‘MEDIEVAL’ HISTORY- AD 500 – 1400 • 3. ‘MODERN’ HISTORY- 1400 - PRESENT

  9. Emergence of CIVILIZATION • Earliest WRITTEN records lead us to “cradles” of CIVILIZATION… • What type of area(s) do you think would lead to these Civilizations? • All located in major RIVER VALLEYS (see maps)

  10. Emergence of CIVILIZATION • BIG FOUR: • TIGRIS-EUPHRATES RIVERS (Mesopotamia) • NILE RIVER (Egypt) • INDUS-GANGES (India) • HUANG HE (Yellow)/CHANG JIANG (Yangtze)-(China)

  11. Why River Valleys? • IRRIGATION= a SURPLUS of FOOD=Pop growth • ECONOMIES- developing/growing • Specialization of labor= ARTISANS/TRADE • TRADE=CULTURAL DIFFUSION • This led to the rise of CITIES (see map) • The Invention of WRITING…Why??? • This led to the first true, great CIVILIZATIONS…

  12. CIVILIZATION -(define) • HIGHLY ORGANIZED SOCIETY MARKED BY ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE OF TRADE, GOVERNMENT, ARTS, SCIENCE, and often • WRITTEN LANGUAGE • From the Latin CIVITAS, meaning “CITY” • The rise of Civilization=the rise of Cities, according to most Historians…

  13. The FIVE Characteristics of CIVILIZATION • 1. Complex Institutions (Government/Laws, etc..) • 2. Specialized Workers (Artisans, Trade, Economics) • 3. Cities • 4. Written Language/record keeping • 5. Advanced Technology- (contributions to civilization)

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