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Understanding Tides: Causes, Types, and Their Impact on Coastal Environments

Tides are generated by the gravitational pull of the moon, which is twice as influential as the sun despite the sun's greater mass. The Earth's rotation also contributes to tidal forces. Tidal cycles include diurnal, semi-diurnal, and mixed tides, with high and low tides creating distinct tidal ranges. Spring and neap tides occur based on the alignment of Earth, moon, and sun. The Bay of Fundy is known for having the world's largest tidal range. Understanding tides is essential for coastal management and ecology.

vernon-beasley
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Understanding Tides: Causes, Types, and Their Impact on Coastal Environments

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  1. Tides

  2. Tides are generated by: • Gravitational pull of the moon and sun • Centripetal force of the rotating Earth

  3. Tides are generated by: • the gravitational pull of the moon and sun • - moon has 2x greater gravitational pull than the • sun • - sun is 10 million x more massive than the • moon and is 390 times farther away

  4. Centripetal force

  5. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE CENTRIPETAL GRAVITATIONAL & CENTRIPETAL

  6. Tidal Cycles • Diurnal Tide: 24 hr 50 min cycle • Semi DiurnalTide: 12 hr 25 min cycle • Mixed Tide: 12 hr 25 min cycle

  7. Description of tides • High water: a water level maximum ("high tide") • Low water: a water level minimum ("low tide") • Tidal range: the difference between high and low tide • Spring Tide: full moon and new moon (14.77 days) • Neap Tide: 1st quarter and 3rd quarter (14.77 days) Intertidal zone High tide Low tide

  8. The monthly tidal cycle(29½ days) • About every 7 days, Earth alternates between: • Spring tide • Alignment of Earth-Moon-Sun system (syzygy) • Lunar and solar bulges constructively interfere • Large tidal range • Neap tide • Earth-Moon-Sun system at right angles (quadrature) • Lunar and solar bulges destructively interfere • Small tidal range

  9. Earth-Moon-Sun positions and the monthly tidal cycle Spring Tide Highest high tide and lowest low tide Neap Tide Moderate tidal range

  10. The Bay of Fundy: Site of the world’s largest tidal range • Tidal energy is focused by shape and shallowness of bay • Maximum spring tidal range in Minas Basin = 17 meters (56 feet)

  11. Alma at High Tide Alma at Low Tide

  12. Corals exposed to air at extreme low tide

  13. Inquiry • Which has the greatest tidal effect– sun or moon? • Where is the greatest tidal range located? • Which lunar phase produces moderate tides? • How is a tidal bore created?

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