Medical Specialists and Clinical Procedures

1. Medical Specialists and Clinical Procedures Dr. Belal Hijji, RN, PhD October 18, 2010

2. Learning Outcomes At the end of this lecture, students will be: • Familiarised with common medical specialties and clinical procedures

3. Residency Programmes • Anesthesiology: Administration of agents capable of bringing about loss of sensation • Dermatology: Diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders • Emergency medicine: Care of patients that requires sudden and immediate action • Family practice: Primary care of all members of the family on a continuing basis • Internal medicine: Diagnosis of disorders and treatment with drugs • Ophthalmology: Diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders • Pathology: Diagnosis of the cause and nature of disease

4. Pediatrics: Diagnosis and treatment of children’s disorders • Psychiatry: Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of mind • Radiology: Diagnosing using x-ray studies including ultrasound and magnetic resonance studies (MRI) • Surgery: Treatment by manual (SURG- means hand) or operative methods.

7. Clinical Procedures • Abdominocentesis: Surgical puncture of the membrane surrounding the abdomen (Peritoneum) to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity. • Allergy test: A small quantity of various suspected allergic substances is applied to skin and a reaction is noted. • Amniocentesis: Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the sac that surround the fetus. Fetal cells from the fluid can be examined for chromosomal analysis. • Arthrocentesis: Surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint • Aspiration: withdrawal of fluid by suction through a needle or tube

8. Auscultation: Process of listening for sounds produced within the body. • Biopsy: Removal of a piece of tissue from the body for examination under a microscope. • Bone marrow biopsy: Removal of a small amount of bone marrow. • Bronchoscopy: visual examination of the bronchial passages through a flexible tube inserted into the airway. • Catheterisation: Introduction of a flexible tube into a vessel or cavity of the body to withdraw or instil fluids • Colonoscopy: Visual examination of the colon using a flexible tube inserted through the rectum and beyond

9. Cystoscopy: Visual examination of the bladder through a thin tube or cystoscope. • Electroencepahography (EEG): Connection of electrodes (wires) to the scalp to record electricity coming from within the brain. • Endoscopy: Inspection of an organ or body cavity through a thin tube-like instrument (endoscope) inserted into the organ or cavity. • Laparoscopy: Examination of the abdominal cavity through an endoscope inserted into the abdomen through an incision. It is used to remove some organs like appendix, gallbladder, or ovary. • Lumbar puncture (LP): Introduction of a needle into a space surrounding the spinal cord to withdraw fluid for analysis.

10. Nasogastric intubation: Insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach to withdraw fluid or to give nutrition. • Palpation: Examination by touch • Phlebotomy: Incision of a vein to remove samples of blood • Pulmonary function test: Measurement of the air taken into and exhaled from the lungs by means of an instrument called spirometer. • Thoracentesis: Insertion of a needle into the chest to remove fluid from the space surrounding the lungs (Pleural cavity).