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Osteoporosis

Maria Behrens, Bryan Klotz, Melanie Connor. Osteoporosis. Definition. Osteoporosis= "porous bones" Bones lose excessive amount of protein & mineral content Bone mass & strength gradually degrade Bones become fragile & break. Bone Degradation. High risk people….

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Osteoporosis

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  1. Maria Behrens, Bryan Klotz, Melanie Connor Osteoporosis

  2. Definition • Osteoporosis= "porous bones" • Bones lose excessive amount of protein & mineral content • Bone mass & strength gradually degrade • Bones become fragile & break

  3. Bone Degradation

  4. High risk people… Anyone can get osteoporosis, however, some of us have a higher chance than others: • People over 50 • Individuals with an eating disorder • Petite woman- small bones, thin frames • Women are 5 x’s more likely than men  • Women who experienced  menopause early, before 45 years old

  5. What causes osteoporosis? • Family history • Low levels of calcium and vitamin D in your diet • Sedentary lifestyle • Post menopausal women

  6. Bone mass over time

  7. Osteoporosis

  8. Osteoporosis Dowager’s Hump= Breakdown in the cervical vertebrae

  9. Spine

  10. Oh NO! FRACTURE! Even a sneeze or a sudden movement may be enough to break a bone in someone with severe osteoporosis.

  11. High Risk Activities • Cigarette smoking • Drinking Alcohol • Drinking Caffeine

  12. Effects of Smoking on Osteoporosis • Cigarette smoke generates free radicals that attack and overwhelm the body's natural defenses. • Nicotine and free radicals kill the osteoblasts -- the bone-making cells. • Women who are postmenopausal and smoke are at a greater risk. • Increases hormones calcitonin and cortisol, which lead to bone breakdown. • Because smoking damages blood vessels, fractures heal much slower due do decreased oxygen.

  13. Effects of Alcohol on Osteoporosis • Alcohol raises PTH levels, which regulates calcium and phosphorous in the body, depleting calcium reserves. • Alcohol interferes with liver enzymes which inhibits the body from absorbing calcium. • Alcohol increases the work of osteoclasts. • Drinking reduces the levels of testosterone in men, which decreases the work of osteoblasts. • Women who drink often have an irregular menstrual cycle, leading to bone loss.

  14. Effects of Caffeine and Osteoporosis • Caffeine increases urinary calcium output is a risk factor for osteoporosis. • High caffeine consumption is a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture. • Intake of greater thantwo cups of coffee per day increased therisk of fracture. • Among elderly women, high caffeine intake may predispose to cortical bone loss. • There is no conclusive evidence that caffeine effects osteoporosis.

  15. Osteomalacia and Osteoporosis • Osteomalacia: the adult form of rickets - unmineralized bone due to inadequate vitamin D • - “Soft Bones” • - Women with: • Little Vitamin D intake • little exposure to the sun Osteoporosis: adult degradation of bone due to inadequate calcium and calcification. - “brittle bones” - Women with: Inadequate calcium and vitamin D in diet Multiple pregnancies with poor diet

  16. Prevention: Nutrition • Practice healthy-eating habits and get enough calcium and vitamin D. • Being underweight or losing a lot of weight is associated with poorer bone health and a higher risk of fracture — even if you're taking medications

  17. Calcium • Absorption increased with increased needs. • Regulated in part by Vitamin D • Found in milk, orange juice, grains and many vegetables • Calcium supplements available

  18. Bone is a living tissue with ongoing cell and mineral turnover. It needs Ca to stay strong Potassium/calcium make hydroxyapetite

  19. Vitamin D • Comes from sunlight

  20. Vitamin D • Deficiency leads to: • Osteoporosis • Multiple sclerosis • Rickets Fortified foods Fish oil supplement Fatty fish

  21. Prevention: Exercise • 30 minutes of weight-bearing exercises • Qi Gong/Tai Chi • Biking • Walking • Dancing • Hiking • Stair climbing • Yoga • L I V E

  22. Benefits of exercising… • Increase in bone density • Increased strength • Reduced blood pressure • Reduced levels of stress hormones • Improves your balance The more active and fit you are as you age, the less likely you are to fall and break a bone.

  23. Benefits of Tai Chi/ Qi Gong • Greater leg strength & flexibility • Works on full mobilization of all the body’s major joints in body • Increased oxygen uptake

  24. Pharmaceutical Treatments Oral Meds. • Bisphosphonates- most common medications Including: • Alendronate (Fosamax) • Risedronate (Actonel) • Ibandronate (Boniva) • Zoledronic acid (Reclast) • Injected bisphosphonates: • Ibandronate (Boniva) and Zoledronic acid (Reclast) are also available as injections infused once every three months and once a year, respectively

  25. Alfalfa or Medicago sativa, is a flowering plant in the pea family Alfalfa is used as an herbal remedy for many medical conditions including osteoporosis It possesses extremely high nutritional value Alfalfa

  26. Alfalfa • Alfalfa plant is made into a juice for the patient to drink 1 cup daily • Regular use of the juice helps the growth of strong and sturdy bones and is a rich source of calcium and vitamins A & D • The Alfalfa juice helps reduce the dissolution of calcium • There are no negative side effects of this treatment and results can be seen in 1 month.

  27. Horsetail for Osteoporosis Treatment • Horsetail (Equisetum arvense),A close relative of the fern, horsetail is a non-flowering weed found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and North America. • It has been used as an herbal remedy since ancient Roman and Greek medicine, was used traditionally to stop bleeding, heal ulcers and wounds, as well as others • The aboveground parts of horsetail (fresh or dried) are used for medicinal purposes.

  28. Horsetail • The plant's stems are rich in silica and silicic acids, which help mend broken bones and form collagen, an important protein found in connective tissue, skin, bone, cartilage, and ligaments. • The plant's stems are rich in silica and silicic acids, which help mend broken bones and form collagen, an important protein found in connective tissue, skin, bone, cartilage, and ligaments. It also increases bone density. • Horsetail is available for use in a dried herb form or a liquid form. It is most commonly made into a tea. A person with osteoporosis would use 2 to 3 spoonfuls of the dried herb in a tea that is to be consumed 3 times a day

  29. Horsetail (con’t) • Taking horsetail by mouth may deplete vitamin B1 from the body. A person using horsetail on a regular basis should take a multivitamin or a B complex supplement. • If you drink alcohol on a regular basis, it is not advised to take horsetail due to vitamin B1 depletion by the herb. • Also, people with heart or kidney problems are not recommended to take this herb because of the possible interactions it may have with the medicines being used to treat these conditions.

  30. Red Clover for Osteoporosis Treatment • Red clover is a perennial herb that commonly grows wild in meadows throughout Europe and Asia, and has now been naturalized to grow in North America. The red flowers at the end of the branched stems are usually dried for medicinal use. • Traditionally, this herb was used to treat cancer, whooping cough, respiratory problems, and skin inflammations, such as psoriasis and eczema.

  31. Red Clover (con’t) • Modern scientific tests have shown that red clover contains isoflavones, plant-based chemicals that produce estrogen-like effects in the body, which have been shown to treat conditions such as osteoporosis. • Red clover is a source of many nutrients including calcium, chromium, magnesium, niacin, phosphorus, potassium, thiamine, and vitamin C. Red clover is a rich sources of isoflavones which are chemicals that act like estrogens. • Study’s have shown that that a proprietary extract of red clover isoflavones may slow bone loss and even boost bone mineral density, which are two main effects of osteoporosis.

  32. Red Clover (con’t) • Red clover is available in many different forms including teas, tablets, capsules, liquid extract, and others. • When taken in tea form, a person with osteoporosis must use 2-3 spoonfuls with hot water, taken 3 times a day • There have been no reported serious side effects to taking red clover, but Red clover may interfere with the body's ability to process some drugs that are broken down by liver enzymes, so speaking with a doctor before beginning use is recommended.

  33. Sources • http://www.altmd.com/Articles/Herbal-Remedies-for-Osteoporosis • http://www.herbnet.com/Herb%20Uses_AB.htm • http://www.mamaherb.com/osteoporosis-home-remedy-using-alfalfa • http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/red-clover-000270.htm • http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/horsetail-000257.htm • http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/living-with-osteoporosis-7/smoking-cigarettes • http://www.osteopenia3.com/osteoporosis-alcohol.html • http://www.orthosmoke.org/bone_healthy_osteo_sm.jpg • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1609631 • http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/132/4/675 • http://www.examiner.com/x-672-Disease-Prevention-Examiner~y2009m3d26-Caffeine-intake-linked-to-osteoporosis

  34. More sources • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://osteoporosistreatment.name/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/osteoporosis-small.jpg&imgrefurl=http://osteoporosistreatment.name/&usg=__KDCS-lr0VVt9gvDycU3eab07FxA=&h=321&w=411&sz=25&hl=en&start=4&itbs=1&tbnid=D0HIzSwdeP-SbM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosteoporosis%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://img.tfd.com/mosbycam/thumbs/500185-fx10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Osteoperosis&usg=__V8CRTEsLGQPv46Sh18DxT1sq0mk=&h=605&w=250&sz=27&hl=en&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=kSk_IYFM2EP2BM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=56&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosteoperosis%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1 • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://eliot.needham.k12.ma.us/technology/lessons/Bones/bones.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.asizableapple.com/2007/11/5-steps-to-fighting-osteoporosis.html&usg=__m47AMlD3aa-ZX8wEyWghoEQT9TE=&h=300&w=301&sz=16&hl=en&start=82&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=ALImVrmVGGSGFM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosteoporosis%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D72%26um%3D1 • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.blueapplehealthscans.com/picts/New%2520CD%2520Art/BA%2520BlueFoot%2520Pd%2520WEB%2520SM.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.blueapplehealthscans.com/osteo.htm&usg=__2Bsws1-LR5J-Xc1_6dBUrFl-wV4=&h=450&w=338&sz=80&hl=en&start=265&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=jVcvHGJxHzXeDM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosteoporosis%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D252%26um%3D1

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