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Assessing Reading

Assessing Reading. Contents. Reading strategies Types of reading tasks Perceptive Selective Interactive Extensive Summary Dictocomp Strip story. Reading Strategies (1). Bottom-up processing (decoding) which employs micro-skills Discrimination of graphemes & orthographic patterns

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Assessing Reading

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  1. Assessing Reading

  2. Contents • Reading strategies • Types of reading tasks • Perceptive • Selective • Interactive • Extensive • Summary • Dictocomp • Strip story Yun-Pi Yuan 2

  3. Reading Strategies (1) • Bottom-up processing (decoding) which employs micro-skills • Discrimination of graphemes & orthographic patterns • Recognition & interpretation of words, word classes, patterns, rules, etc. • Cohesive devices • Making use of formal schema to decode the written text Yun-Pi Yuan 3

  4. Reading Strategies (2) • Top-down processing which employs macro-skills • Recognition of rhetorical forms and communicative functions • Using background knowledge to make inferences • Scanning and skimming, guessing meaning of words from context, activating relevant schemata Yun-Pi Yuan 4

  5. Types of Reading Tasks (1) • Perceptive: • Bottom-up processing • Decoding letters, words, graphemic symbols, etc. • Reading aloud, picture-cued word or sentence identification, etc. (Brown 190-93) Yun-Pi Yuan 5

  6. Types of Reading Tasks (2) • Selective: • A combo of bottom-up and top-down processing • Formal (lexical and grammatical) aspects of language • Formats including multiple-choice, matching, gap-filling Yun-Pi Yuan 6

  7. Types of Reading Tasks (3) • Interactive: • Top-down processing (with some instances of bottom-up) • More lengthy reading where the reader must interact with the text • A process of negotiating meaning • Both form-focused and meaning-focused (but more emphasis on meaning comprehension) • Cloze, comprehension Qs, editing, short answers, scanning, ordering, info. transfer (graphics interpretation) Yun-Pi Yuan 7

  8. Types of Reading Tasks (4) • Extensive: • Top-down processing • Global understanding of a text • Skimming, summarizing and responding, note-taking and outlining Yun-Pi Yuan 8

  9. Summary • Types of reading by length (short, medium, long), focus (form and meaning), and process (bottom-up vs. top-down)(see Brown 190) Yun-Pi Yuan 9

  10. Dictocomp • A variationon the traditionaldictation procedure • T reads while Ss listen carefully • Ss write a summary (not word for word as in dictation) • Decide scoring criteria (Bailey 151) • Rationale: • Meaning-oriented • Conveying & capturing meaning = key component of communication Yun-Pi Yuan 10

  11. Communicative Language Teaching • Around 1980s • 4 principles of communicative lang. test design: • Start from somewhere: assessment should be based on sound theoretical principles • Concentrate on content • Appropriate topics and tasks in terms of the age, proficiency level, interests, and goals of the learners • Bias for best: to elicit best possible performance • E.g., can use a dictionary when writing dictocomp • Work for washback: promote positive washback Yun-Pi Yuan 11

  12. Strip Story • A speaking/listening activity in which every student is given a strip of paper with one sentence (or portion of a sentence) from a story written on it. • Procedure: • Every S memorizes his sentence. • Each S says his sentence. • Group sorts out the order. • Ss negotiate the sentence order to reconstruct the story. Yun-Pi Yuan 12

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