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Tim Wilkins INTERTANKO Regional Manager Asia-Pacific

Response Measures for Navigating through the Gulf of Aden Seoul High Level Meeting and International Maritime Forum on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia. Tim Wilkins INTERTANKO Regional Manager Asia-Pacific. 1 Introduction 2 Overview of International Response

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Tim Wilkins INTERTANKO Regional Manager Asia-Pacific

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  1. Response Measures for Navigating through the Gulf of AdenSeoul High Level Meeting andInternational Maritime Forum on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia Tim WilkinsINTERTANKO Regional Manager Asia-Pacific

  2. 1 Introduction 2 Overview of International Response 3 Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 4 Industry and Naval Coordination 5 Solutions 5.1 Industry views on short to long term solutions

  3. World seaborne trade 1968-2008 1. Introduction 35000 Billion Tonne Miles in 2008

  4. 1. Introduction Top 20 Beneficial Ownership Countries(January 2007)

  5. 1. Introduction

  6. Gulf of Aden transits 2007 1. Introduction = C. 800 tanker transits per Month Source: LMIU

  7. Ship Type Piracy Attacks 1. Introduction

  8. 1. Introduction 2009 Update: Piracy Statistics(ICC-IMB) • Up to 15 May • Ships hijacked : 29 • Hostages : 472 • Vessels attacked 1 April – 22 May : 63 • Gen Cargo (14); Bulk Carrier (14); Tanker (13); Other / n/r (13); Container (9) • April attacks • Gulf of Aden 45% • East of Somalia 45% • n/r 5%

  9. 2. Overview of International Response Political framework and the UN • Within the context of no functioning Somali Government… • UN and IMO actions included: • Emphasis on the roles of Warships to protect trade • 23 nations represented within EUNAVFOR, NATO and Non-aligned • Appropriate UN Security Council Resolutions to interdict • 1846 – UNCLOS extension • 1851 – Governments formed International Cooperative Mechanism - “The Contact Group”

  10. IMO and the Shipping Industry MSC/Circ.622/Rev.1 - Recommendations to Governments for preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery against ships MSC/Circ.623/Rev.2 - Guidance to shipowners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews on preventing and suppressing acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships IMO MSC 86 discussions BMPs covering transit off Somalia Previously drafted in UN Contact Group 3 Industry Best Management Practices 2. Overview of International Response

  11. Industry ‘Best Management Practices’ 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice • INTERTANKO • ICS • OCIMF • BIMCO • SIGTTO • INTERCARGO • IGP&I • CLIA • IUMI • Joint War Committee • IMB • MSCHOA • MTO-Dubai

  12. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice Purpose: AvoidDeterDelay Scope: • Prior to transit 1.1 General Planning 1.2 Company Planning 1.3 Ship’s Master Planning 1.4 Voyage planning 1.5 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (SPMs) • In transit • If attacked • If boarding • In the event of military action

  13. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.1 General Planning • Information gathering: • Dubai Maritime Trade Operations (Dubai-MTO) • Maritime Security Centre – Horn of Africa (MSC – HOA) • IMB Piracy Reporting Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia • Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (CJTF- HOA) • Maritime Liaison Office – Bahrain (Marlo – Bahrain) • Industry bodies: INTERTANKO, INTERCARGO, ICS, BIMCO...

  14. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.1 General Planning • Information gathering • Risk Assessment • Attack Profiles and Lessons Learnt • Common vulnerabilities • Crew safety • Low freeboard • Speed • Prevailing weather • Time of transit • Piracy activity

  15. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.1 General Planning • Information gathering • Risk Assessment • Register with MSC HOA • 30% of all vessels transiting the GoA are “NOT” registered with MSCHOA or reporting to MTO-Dubai • To date 23 vessels Hijacked were not registered with MSCHOA and not reporting positions

  16. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice By April 2009 - 52 % of INTERTANKO Members were registered with MSCHOA Expected capture rate approximately 60% but all members should register

  17. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.2 Company Planning • Implementation of the Ship Security Plan (SSP) • Review of ISPS requirements – Ship Security Assessment and Plan (SSA / SSP) • Contingency planning by Company Security Officer (CSO) • Training of crew by Master and Ship Security Officer (SSO) – prior to passage • Information gathering and high risk awareness • Crisis management procedures (industry and IMO)

  18. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.3 Ship’s Master Planning • Report to Dubai-MTO • Ship board drills of contingency plan • Preparation of emergency communication • The Maritime Trade Operations Dubai (MTO Dubai) • The Maritime Security Centre Horn of Africa (MSCHOA) • The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) • Company Security Officer (CSO) • Define the ship’s AIS policy

  19. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Voyage Planning • Registered with MSC HOA and report to MTO Dubai • Avoid Yemini Territorial Waters • Internationally recognised Transit Corridor (IRTC) • Group Transits • Outside the Gulf of Aden • ~600 miles off Somali coast • Continue reporting to MTO Dubai

  20. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (1) • Watchkeeping and Enhanced Vigilance • Additional lookouts • Early detection • Night vision binoculars’ • Enhanced radar and radio watch Strategically placed dummies can give the impression of greater numbers of crew on watch

  21. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (2) • Security guards • No arming of ship’s crew • Private security services acceptable • Private armed guards - quality controls / legal aspects? • Government armed guards at owner’s discretion. Preferably from flag state • Unclarified legality/jurisdicion in case of crew member or pirate being killed by mistake/damage to ship/insurance • Closed circuit television (CCTV) • Vulnerable areas of vessel • Protected positioning of CCTV monitors • Recorded CCTV footage as evidence

  22. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (3) • Piracy Attack Crew Muster Point • food and water • toilet facilities • 2 independent means of communication with the bridge (eg radio and telephone) • fire fighting equipment • first aid equipment • portable lighting • CCTV monitor • list of ship’s crew

  23. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (4) • Alarms • Upper deck lighting • Ships Tools and Equipment • Protection of Equipment • Access Control • Bridge Protection Security glass film protects against flying glass

  24. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (5) • Physical Barriers Full risk assessment should be carried out before the implementation of any physical barriers Access to fire exit routes and life saving craft and appliances must be maintained. Razor wire and steam piping

  25. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (6) • Water spray and foam monitors Hoses rigged in fixed position and remotely activated Use of baffle plates

  26. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 2. In transit: • Group Transit through the IRTC • Relevant speed • Maintain vigilance and look out for suspicious craft Typical skiff used in a pirate attack Typical vessels used as mother ships

  27. 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures3.1 Industry Best Practice 3. If attacked: • Follow pre-planned Contingency Plan • Activate Ship Security Alert System • AIS must be switched on • Maintain evasive manoeuvring measures and speed 4. If boarded: • Remain calm • Stay together • Offer no resistance • Cooperate with the pirates 5. In the event of military action • Do not use cameras • Keep low, cover head and make hands visible • Prepare to answer questions about identity

  28. 4. Industry and Naval Coordination Key Coordinating Bodies – essential work being undertaken: • EU NAVFOR – Coordinating authority for MSC HOA • MSC HOA – Deployment of Merchant Navy Liaison Officer • MTO–Dubai – Industry liaison with the Combined Military Forces (CMF) IRTC system • Maximises assets available • Provides safety in numbers • Ships grouped (slow first/fast behind) • Maritime patrol aircraft widen the operational area of naval assets and quicken response times in the event of an attack • New ATALANTA aircraft patrols in Indian Ocean

  29. Forthcoming Additional Measures 4. Industry and Naval Coordination • 1. Anti-Piracy Chart • Routing chart imminent from MSCHOA: • Weather Guidance will be provided • Reporting instructions included • Plotting Capabilities • Relevant Information & Guidance 2. Self Protection Measures MSCHOA compiling a database of self protection measures used by merchant shipping in the region.  Aim to establish what works and what doesn't across the range of ship types 3. Navigational Warnings MSCHOA worked with Staff Officers at UKHO to improve promulgation of the voluntary reporting procedures. They also aim to update relevant Notices to Mariners.

  30. 5. Solutions: Industry views on future solutions Industry • BMP needs promulgation to all ships – 80% attacks using by SPMs • Updating of BMP • Commercial considerations • Routing • Charter Party clauses Governments • provide/maintain sufficient military assets • ensure coordinated approach among military assets for effective protection and response • ensure single/compatible rules of engagement • develop legal authority to prosecute captive pirates • develop long-term solution on land - solve problem at root not just fight symptoms

  31. THANK YOU For more information, please visit: www.intertanko.com www.poseidonchallenge.com www.shippingfacts.com www.maritimefoundation.com

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