Exploring Canada's Educational System: Insights, Challenges, and Future Predictions

1. Laurel Payzant English/ Secondary Education Major studyofthemind.com

2. Introduction • Canada!! • Interested because of family history • Curious about a different country that is still connected to North America • Considered going to college there chocomize.com

3. Background • Rich in natural resources • Self- governing since 1867 • Retaining ties to British crown • Parallels U.S. economically & technologically • Political challenges in health care, education, social services, & economics eia.gov

4. Geography • Northern North America • Bordering Atlantic Ocean on East, North Pacific on West, & Arctic on north • Area: 9,984,670 sq. km • Climate: temperate in south to subarctic & arctic in north tallpuppet.com

5. Continued… • Natural Hazards: permafrost in north threatens development & result in cyclonic storms east of Rocky Mountains • Environmental issues: air pollution & acid rain damage forests and lakes • Second largest country in world after Russia • Languages: English (58.8 %), French (21.6 %), other (19.6 %)

6. kids.britannica.com

7. International Disputes • Canada & U.S. argue over how to divide Beaufort Sea • U.S. helps to intensify security measures for controlling movement of people, transport, and commodities • Illicit producer of cannabis (hydrophonics technology) cannabisnowmagazine.com

8. Overview of Education System • School year from September to June • Mandatory to age 16 • Funded at federal level, provincial, or territorial level • Schools taught in both French and English

9. Canadian Education System • Provincial government separated into individual ministries • Ministries oversee smaller bodies (boards of education) • District school boards oversee individual schools • 10 provinces and three territories • Public, private, & home-schools

10. Regional Differences • Provinces separated into districts • School boards in each district • No federal department of education • Different delivery and assessment • Differences among jurisdictions: 1. Geography 2. History 3. Language

11. Set Up of School System • Kindergarten: no required or available in some areas • Elementary: grades 1 through 6 • Middle School: 7 to 8 • High school: 9 to 12th • Ends with program to prepare students for university or technical field

12. Demographic Change • Boomer generation (1947 to 1966) left schools empty & house prices crashed • Teachers are demanding higher salaries & signing bonuses • Education is raising in price • 1990s ~ too old to start families, births declined= schools closing

13. Helping Projects • Language Programs • English and French offered as second language • Offered at all school levels and universities

14. Religious Affiliation • Schools can be secular • Christian • Catholic • Separate school boards for religious and non-religious schools

15. Health Promotion • World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning • Disability and Health • Health education factors • Help those with disabilities and chronic conditions

16. Adolescent Career Development in Urban- Residing Families • Study to understand how urban-residing adolescents act on goals and strategies with their social supports to facilitate career development • Safe future • Finishing school • Highest levels of per capita educational attainment • Supply and demand of higher education

17. Predictions about Future • National interest in postsecondary education expansion • No incentive to consider national well-being • Negotiation of bilateral agreements between individual provinces

18. Continued… • Voluntary student mobility between provinces • Ex: Ontario students studying at McGill University • Increase in postsecondary enrollment & system expansion

19. Future 3 • Solution would require students to move • Ontario or Alberta to New Brunswick or Nova Scotia • Personal & economic benefits could possibly increase with a greater work force • Boom and bust cycle associate with predictable demographic trends continues to wreak havoc on system

20. Works Cited Kirby, D. (2011). Strategies for widening access in a quasi-market higher education environment: recent developments in Canada. Higher Education, 62(3), 267-278. doi:10.1007/s10734-010-9386-7 Lester, J. (2011). Use of Adjunct Faculty in Delivery of Distance Education in ALA- Accredited LIS Master's Programs in the U.S. and Canada. Journal Of Education For Library & Information Science, 52(3), 212-237. Howard, D., Nieuwenhuijsen, E. R., & Saleeby, P. (2008). Health promotion and education: Application of the ICF in the US and Canada using an ecological perspective. Disability & Rehabilitation, 30(12/13), 942-954. doi:10.1080/09638280701800483 Howard, D., Nieuwenhuijsen, E. R., & Saleeby, P. (2008). Health promotion and education: Application of the ICF in the US and Canada using an ecological perspective. Disability & Rehabilitation, 30(12/13), 942-954. doi:10.1080/09638280701800483

21. Marshall, S. K., Young, R. A., Stevens, A., Spence, W., Deyell, S., Easterbrook, A., & Brokenleg, M. (2011). Adolescent Career https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html http://www.schoolsincanada.com/Canadian-Education-System.cfm http://www.studyincanada.com/english/canada/education.asp?preference=canada http://www.workingin-canada.com/education/education-and-schooling/overview http://www.footwork.com/edcan.asp http://www.worldvision.ca/Programs-and-Projects/Canadian-Programs/Pages/Canadian-Programs.aspx

22. Thank you!!!