The social and economic value of public information

1. DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNMENT POLICIES: THE CASE OF THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITYTRENTO 28-29 MARCH 2012 The social andeconomic value of public information The social and economic value of public information Carlo BatiniUniversita’ degli Studi di Milano Bicoccacarlo.batini@unimib.it 1 1

2. Remark • Slides with symbol will be deliberately skipped, they are left to provide further material

3. Public information and social and economic value Community Social value Economicvalue Open data Public service Market Private Back office Public Information Reuse

4. Public information and social value Community Social value Economicvalue Open data Public service Market Private Back office Public Information Reuse

5. Good policies for public information:lessons learned in Italy

6. 1. Defining relevant types of data:Essential and personal data Essential data are those public data that are needed by citizens and businesses to exercise their rightsor else to achieve desired functionings (“beings” and “doings”) E.g. Which law or laws discipline this aspect of my relationship with the Government? Personal data are those public data that are accessible to a single person or a circumscribed number of persons that have the right to access them E.g. where is my file for passport renewal?

7. Examples of essential data Mandelkern Report, France, 1995 • Juridical data (laws, norms, etc.) • Statistical data • Geographical data • Environmental data • Metereological data • Economic and Financial data • Public Registries

8. 2. The back/front offices as enabling technologies for establishing policies Services Data & Services Common front office service oriented layer Front office Central PA Front office Central PA Front office Local PA1 Front office Local PA1 Front office Local PA2 Front office Local PA2 Back office Central PA Back office Local PA1 Back office Local PA2 Back office Central PA Back office Local PA1 Back office Local PA2 Internal information flows Common back office cooperative layer • Technological architecture • in the traditional interaction b. Technological architecture in the new interaction

9. More on back office data Community Open data Common front office service oriented layer Public Information Front office Central PA Front office Local PA1 Front office Local PA2 Back office Central PA Back office Local PA1 Back office Local PA2 Internal information flows Back office Common back office cooperative layer Public Information b. Technological architecture in the new interaction

10. Example of enabling norm in ItalyLaw 340/2000 art. 25 comma 2 Public administrations have free access to data managed in public registries and documents, except personal data and documents, in which case they have to justify accessibility on the basis of the adherence of data to their administration’s responsibility.

11. 3. Data Governance initiatives:The same business as represented in three national registries What shall we do? Data Governance, Data Governance, Data Governance!

12. Taxpayer VAT office Belonging to Tax registry Land registry office member Housewife Assisted With scholarship Drug addict Volunteer Taxpayer With disability Claiming civil disabilities Civil Disability Social life Revenue Health and Assistance Student Retired Foreign Veteran School Town clerk Pension Individual Politics Looking for first job Unemployed Candidate Work Justice Looking for new job Worker Reported Foreign affairs Reported drug addict Self-employed Foreigner Italian Convict Employee Waiting for sentence Applicant for citizenship Condemned Applicant for visa Resident abroad 47 40 48 650 MF, MT MGG, MI, MIBCA , MT, MTN 165 180 526 MI, MS 38 37 36 110 39 35 174 82 59 89 98 153 6 600 163 MI, MT, MD 162 16 601 520 142 161 91 Central Administrations, Italy, 1995 Local Administrations Piedmont, 2003 164 81 MI 653 160 52 80 74 92 101 190 2 66 88 104 MAE, MURST, MPI 54 105 663 4 171 99 53 71 603 7 87 MAE, MF, MGG, MI, MIBCA, MLP, MLPS, MT, MTN, MCE, MD, MURST 11 19 72 108 12 10 120 651 21 63 MAE, MGG, MI 20 9 65 24 25 18 97 109 27 90 68 51 93 96 501 131 5 45 73 172 137 132 64 656 173 55 86 136 516 515 531 506 111 MAE, MI, MLPS 602 170 507

13. Reference on Data Governance

14. More on open data Community Open data Common front office service oriented layer Public Information Front office Central PA Front office Local PA1 Front office Local PA2 Back office Central PA Back office Local PA1 Back office Local PA2 Internal information flows Back office Common back office cooperative layer Public Information b. Technological architecture in the new interaction

15. Open essential data must be free of charge

16. The Italian Official Journalyear 2000

17. Cost of bank transactions Source: Belltech - “America Economia”, Nov. 19, 1998, p. 209

18. The paradox of the Italian Official Journal in 90s 1 € = 1880 liras Cost in liras per page Paperedition Electronic edition Source: Il Sole-24 Ore newspaper, nov. 2000

19. Outcome • Italian Official Journal for free for the last 60 days • Eurpean Official Journal for free fr the last 45 days

20. Open data must be of good quality(accurate, complete, current, etc.)

21. Applying data cleaning……

22. We improve data quality…… Certified copy Entity reconciliation

23. More on data quality…… 2006

24. Open data must be linked:linked open data

25. Linked Open Datasets on the Web May 2007 September 2008 July 2009 September 2011

26. Initially data are small disconnected clouds……

27. First level: give addresses (URI) to data so that ……they are linked http://www.grgad.dd http://www.httyud.dd http://www.ffrrt.gf http://www.jypt.gf http://www.dsfad.dd http://www.ffrrt.gf http://www.bbbyud.dd http://www.htread.dd http://www.ffoot.gf http://www.fkurrt.gf http://www.cvbyud.dd http://www.ffopt.gf

28. First level: give addresses (URI) to data so that ……they are linked http://www.grgad.dd http://www.httyud.dd http://www.ffrrt.gf http://www.jypt.gf http://www.dsfad.dd http://www.ffrrt.gf http://www.bbbyud.dd http://www.htread.dd http://www.ffoot.gf http://www.fkurrt.gf http://www.cvbyud.dd http://www.ffopt.gf

29. Second level: data have to be provided with names (URN) in such a way to … Legislative decree December 5, 2003, n. 343 Lawaugust 23, 1988, n. 400 Capo I Gli organi del Governo Art. 1 Gli Organi del Governo - Formula di giuramento 1. Il Governo della Repubblica è composto del Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri e dei ministri, che costituiscono insieme il Consiglio dei ministri. 2. Il decreto di nomina del Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri è da lui controfirmato, insieme ai decreti di accettazione delle dimissioni del precedente Governo. ? Sono prioritariamente inseriti nel ruolo di cui al comma 1 i dirigenti già inquadrati nelle soppresse tabelle allegate alla law august 23, 1988, n. 400, i dirigenti vincitori di concorso presso la Presidenza e i dirigenti con incarico di prima fascia. La collocazione dei dirigenti nella posizione soprannumeraria non comporta alcun pregiudizio giuridico, economico e di carriera.

30. Assigning uniform names to Laws Uniform Resource Names (URN) Example Law 127, May 15, 1997 urn:state:law: 1997-05-15;127 Issuing Authority Type of norm Date and number

31. Second level: data have to be provided with names in such a way to make them “linkable” Legislative decree December 5, 2003, n. 343 state:law: 2003-12-05;343 Law, august 23, 1988, n. 400 state:law: 1988-08-23;400 Capo I Gli organi del Governo Art. 1 Gli Organi del Governo - Formula di giuramento 1. Il Governo della Repubblica è composto del Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri e dei ministri, che costituiscono insieme il Consiglio dei ministri. 2. Il decreto di nomina del Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri è da lui controfirmato, insieme ai decreti di accettazione delle dimissioni del precedente Governo. Sono prioritariamente inseriti nel ruolo di cui al comma 1 i dirigenti già inquadrati nelle soppresse tabelle allegate alla law august 23, 1988, n. 400, i dirigenti vincitori di concorso presso la Presidenza e i dirigenti con incarico di prima fascia. La collocazione dei dirigenti nella posizione soprannumeraria non comporta alcun pregiudizio giuridico, economico e di carriera.

32. Open data should have social value

33. Open data on www.il.data.gov (Illinois)

34. Social value – Economist October 2011

35. Who decides and How to decide the social value of data? • Government? • Final users? • Reciprocal interaction among the two? Proposal: • PAs publish all types of data in its own infor-mation system that are potentially open data, • A third party certifies the correctness and completeness of the statement • Citizens decide priorities

36. Open data should be visible and geo-referenced

37. Map of rest areas in Illinois Map Table

38. Open data should be reusable, so they should be changed into open services

39. From www.data.gov(March 20, 2012) Public Collectivity

40. Example of App for open data

41. Popularity of applications

42. Economic value of informationjust the flavour…

43. Conceptstoberelated • Information quality, namely accuracy, completeness,etc. • Information structure, organization of data and operations on data • Information diffusion, how information extracted from data is used in the organization • Information capacity, how many “different” pieces of information can be extracted • Information utility, how much available information is effective for the organization • Information value, how much it is economically convenient to use ICT technologies to increase utility How to relate all of them together and with ICT (integration) technologies?

44. A Unified Model Accuracy, Completeness Information quality Information Capacity Data structure Set of DB schemas Query load Information structure Transaction load Information inte- gration architectures Data Integration technologies Information Value Information Utility Applicationintegration architectures Information diffusion Publish&Subscribe technologies Costs Business process structure Set of Processes

45. Thank you!

46. Rests

47. Public information and social and economic value Community Open data Public service Market Private Back office Public Information Reuse

48. Public information and social and economic value Public information and social value Community Open data Market Private Back office Public Information Reuse

49. More on the back office Community Open data Common front office service oriented layer Public Information Front office Central PA Front office Local PA1 Front office Local PA2 Back office Central PA Back office Local PA1 Back office Local PA2 Internal information flows Back office Common back office cooperative layer Public Information b. Technological architecture in the new interaction