How are ag animals classified?

1. How are ag animals classified? AG-ASB-7 The student classifies animals using scientific binomial nomenclature as well as classifies agriculture animals by breed and use. a. Explains how agricultural animals are classified scientifically into different kingdoms based on varying characteristics and the importance of this binomial classification system. b. Explains how breeds of livestock were developed. c. Applies knowledge of binomial nomenclature by correctly classifying different agricultural animals. d. Categorizes common and distinguishing characteristics of several agricultural animals. e. Explains the purpose of breed associations in recording and promoting these distinguishing characteristics

2. Why are animals classified? • In an attempt to study them better and communicate about them • Classified by characteristics they have in common • Characterized by • Physical characteristics • How they are used • Other categories used to put similar animals together • Ag animals classifications differ from wildlife classifications in that the domesticated animals have been developed into breeds

3. Scientific Classification • Binomial nomenclature • Two names (Genus, species) • Developed by Carolus Linnaeus • Aka Latin names • Helps people from different areas accurately identify organisms • Broad groups are classified into categories of common characteristics and then further broken down into more exact groups • Kingdom -> Phyla -> Classes -> Order -> Families -> Genus -> Species

4. Kingdoms • Five broad categories • Animalia- all multicelled animals • Plantae- multicellular plants that produce cholorphyll through photosynthesis • Monera- bacteria and blue-green algae • Protista- paramecia and amoebae • Fungi- mushrooms and other fungi • All ag animals belong to the kingdom Animalia • Animalia includes animals ranging from a gnat to whales

5. Phyla • Comes from the word phylon meaning race or kind • Animals in phyla or subphyla are grouped by broad characteristics shared by the animals • Ex. • Arthropoda- animals with exoskeleton including insects, spiders, crayfish, crabs, centipedes, etc. • Mollusca- animals with soft bodies protected by hard shell including starfish, snails, and clams • Annelida- segmented worms like earthworm • Chordata- all ag animals that have a notochord that is present in the embryo • Vertebrata- subphylum of animals with backbones

6. Classes • Classes of subphylum Vertebrata • Amphibia- frogs, toads, and salamanders • Reptilia- turtles, snakes and lizards • Aves- birds • Mammalia- animals that have hair, nurse their young, and give live birth • Includes ag animals such as horses, cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, and dogs

7. Orders • Class Mammalia contains 18 different orders • Artiodactyla is the order containing cattle, goats, sheep and pigs because they have an even number of toes • 3 suborders • Suiformes- includes pigs and hippopotami • Tylopoda- includes camels and llamas • Ruminantia- includes deer, cattle, sheep and goats • Common characteristic is that the animals in this suborder chew cud and have several compartments in their digestive system which allows them to eat grass, hay and other roughages

8. Families • Suborder Ruminantia is divided into five families • Cervidae- includes deer, elk, and moose • Antilopinae- includes the antelopes • Tragulidae- includes certain types of goats • Giraffidae- includes the giraffe • Bovidae- includes cattle, buffalo, sheep and domestic goats

9. Genus and Species • Compose the scientific name • Ex. • Sheep are in genus Ovis • Domesticated vs. Wild sheep differ in species • Goats are in genus Capra • Cattle are in genus Bos • Bostaurus- cattle of European descent • Bosindicus- cattle of Indian (country) descent

10. Breeds • Defined as a group of animals with a common ancestry and common characteristics that breed true • Offspring almost always look like the parents • Selective breeding created these breeds with desirable characteristics

11. Purebreds • Animals whose ancestors are of only one breed • Breed associations have been developed to promote certain breeds • Usually set standards for animals that are allowed to be registered as a purebred animals of that particular breed

12. Blood typing • Used to determine the ancestry of animals • The blood of different types or groups will have different characteristics that re passed on genetically form the parent to the offspring • Process is used to determine the parentage of a particular animal

13. Crossbreeding • Species can be successfully crossed to produce new breeds • Ex. Bostaurus cattle crossed with Bosindicus • Santa Gertrudis cattle are a mix of shorthorn and brahman breeds • Combine growth and carcass quality of shorthorn with the hardiness of brahman • Ex. Mule from crossing mare (horse) with jack (male donkey) • Combined the size and strength of the horse with the toughness and surefootedness of the donkey

14. Classification According to Use • Meat Animals • Raised primarily for slaughter and human consumption • Work Animals • Means of transportation and tillage of the soil • Donkeys, camels, oxen, water buffaloes • Horses • Work cattle (Quarter Horse), draft animals (Clydesdales), recreation (Tennessee Walker) • Dogs- herd cattle, protect animals • Dual purpose • Cows- meat and milk • Sheep- wool and meat