Download
1 / 23
240 likes | 246 Vues
World Energy Resources. Economics 311. Basic Energy Facts. British thermal unit (Btu) - The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit; equal to 252 calories. British thermal unit is abbreviated as Btu. Basic Energy Facts.
E N D
World Energy Resources Economics 311
Basic Energy Facts British thermal unit (Btu) - The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit; equal to 252 calories. British thermal unit is abbreviated as Btu.
Basic Energy Facts • One BTU is not much: • it's equal to 0.25 food calories • the amount of energy in the tip of a match • food energy in a peanut butter and jelly sandwich is 1250 BTU • one kwh of electricity is equivalent to 3,412 BTU • one gallon of gasoline contains about 125,000 BTU • one short ton of coal (2000 lbs) contains about 20 million BTU. • Note: Because a single BTU is so small, energy is usually measured in thousands or millions of BTU. (mmbtu)
Basic Energy Facts • For entire economies: • energy is measured in quadrillion BTU, or "quads" for short. A quadrillion is equal to 10^15. In 2002, total US energy consumption was 97.4 quads. • The metric equivalent of the BTU: • is the Joule. • One quad equals approximately 1.055 Exajoules (10^18 Joules).
Basic Energy Facts • How Large is a Quadrillion BTU? • It's about equal to the amount of energy in: • 45 million tons of coal • 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas • 170 million barrels of crude oil • In 1988, total world energy consumption was about 1 quad every 26 hours. • How big is that pile? • 45 million tons of coal would be a pile 10 feet thick, one mile wide and about 3.3 miles long. At 60 mph, it would take about 9 minutes to drive around the pile. • In terms of electricity, 1 quad is equal to 293 gigawatt-hours.
Basic Energy Facts • How Large is a Barrel of Oil? • A barrel of oil is 42 gallons. • The standard unit is "bbl". • The extra "b" comes from the early days of the oil industry when different companies used different-sized barrels. Standard Oil's barrels were 42 gallons and were painted blue. • So bbl = Standard Oil blue barrels
Basic Energy Facts • Who uses energy? • Residential • energy is used primarily for lighting, heating and air conditioning. • Commercial • energy is used primarily for lighting, heating and air conditioning. • 3. Industrial • includes mines and factories, which use large amounts of energy as inputs for producing their products. • 4. Transportation • requires energy that can be carried around easily.
U.S. Energy Consumption by Source 1635-2000 Notes: 1. Re-emergence of wood, coal 2. OPEC I (1973) and OPEC II (1979)
