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Chapter 6 Homes From the 18 th Century to Today

Chapter 6 Homes From the 18 th Century to Today. 19 th Century. The 19 th Century. The industrial Revolution swept America in the early 1800’s-this brought immigrants for work. They were paid low wages

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Chapter 6 Homes From the 18 th Century to Today

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  1. Chapter 6Homes From the 18th Century to Today 19th Century

  2. The 19th Century • The industrial Revolution swept America in the early 1800’s-this brought immigrants for work. They were paid low wages • Tenements- apartment complexes with minimum standards pf sanitation, safety, and comfort, were built

  3. Tenement Outhouse Row Outhouses Bathtub

  4. Front Entrance Backyard

  5. Front Entrance Tenement Hallway

  6. Tenement Kitchen

  7. The Romantic Period Greek Revival Style Gothic Revival Style

  8. The Romantic Period • Influenced by European past • Greek Revival Style • 1825-1860– ending around the time of the Civil War • Plantation style homes were featured in this style

  9. The Romantic Period cont’d • Greek Revival Style Characteristics • 2 story rectangular house with symmetrical placed windows • Gable roof emphasized by wide trim at the cornice • Pilasters on the corners of frame houses or across the whole front • An elaborate entrance- the door was usually surrounded by windows and may also have additional wood or masonry (stone or brick) framework

  10. The Romantic Period cont’d • Greek Revival Style Characteristics • Columns supporting small or large porch

  11. Greek Revival Style

  12. Greek Revival Style

  13. The Romantic Period cont’d • Gothic Revival Style • 1840-1880 • Designers used European features such as pointed arches and circular windows with ornamented carved stone • Many are made of wood because stone is very expensive and there was a shortage of stonemasons • Many were built with high peaked gothic gables with gingerbread- lacy-looking, cutout wood trim

  14. Gothic Revival Style

  15. Gothic Revival Style

  16. The Romantic Period cont’d • Italianate Style • 1840-1885 • Italian villas or estates were reproduced • Square and two stories high • Wide overhanging hip roofs with decorative brackets, or supports, at the cornice • Long, narrow windows arched and crowned with an inverted U-shaped structure

  17. Italianate Style

  18. Italianate Style

  19. Italianate Style

  20. The Victorian Period Mansard Style Queen Anne Style

  21. The Victorian Period • Named for Queen Victoria who reigned in England from 1837-1901 • Detail in homes were very elaborate • Mansard and Queen Anne were styles that were popular

  22. The Victorian Period cont’d • Mansard Style • Sometimes called the second Empire Style • Had French influence • Most popular during 1860-1880 • Most notable feature was the boxlike roof or a mansard roof- a roof that has two slopes on all sides, with lower slope being steep and the upper slope almost flat • Decorated cornices • French windows- long windows that open lengthwise at the middle • Dormer windows for the top story

  23. Mansard Roof Mansard roof

  24. French Windows

  25. Mansard Style

  26. Mansard Style

  27. The Victorian Period cont’d • Queen Anne Style • 1870-1880 • Wraparound porches with railings and columns • Many Queen Anne homes have a circular tower that extends the entire height of the house • May have spindle work or brackets and half-timbering • Decorative wood work

  28. Queen Anne Style

  29. Queen Anne Style

  30. Queen Anne Style

  31. Queen Anne Style

  32. The End of the Victorian Period • Houses built at the end of the Victorian era were less elaborate • Architectural lines were cleaner and simpler • Homes for the wealthy were built on a larger scale • Common Victorian features were scaled down to smaller middle class homes

  33. The End of the Victorian Period • Many people began living in apartments • The invention of the safety elevator meant that apartments could have many stories

  34. The 18TH Century

  35. Understanding Period Housing Styles • The 18th Century • Immigrants brought their new style of homes to the colonies or created new styles that adapted to the new land

  36. The Georgian Period • Georgian Style • Named for the kings that were in power at that time George I, II, III • In England, Georgian homes were constructed of stone and brick.—Americans uses these materials when they were available but adapted when they weren’t

  37. Georgian Period Cont’d • Georgian Style Characteristics • Formal, balanced design- homes were often 2 or 3 stories high • Hip roof- a roof with 4 sloped sides • Large symmetrically placed windows-windows had many small panes • The front door was the focal point of the house with many details. The door is typically framed by pilasters, which are decorative flattened columns

  38. Georgian Period Cont’d • Georgian Style Characteristics • Doorway is topped with a pediment , a triangular or arched decoration, the door itself has decorative panels • A cornice is a decorative strip at the area where the roof and the wall meet. Georgian homes usually have a cornice if tooth-like molding • Central chimney at the end of each house • Contrasting materials are often used, red brick with white wood trim, other materials are often common

  39. Georgian Style Home

  40. Georgian Style Door

  41. Georgian Period Cont’d • Georgian Style Inside • Molded ceiling covered wood beams • Wood paneling or wall paper • Ornate rectangular fireplace topped with mantel usually the focal point of the room • Usually built around a central hall with a wide staircase • The Georgian style was applied to row houses-a continuous line of 2 or 3 story houses that share a common wall with houses on either side

  42. Row Houses

  43. The Federal Period • In 1770’s the American attitude changed toward England • The colonist won the Revolutionary War • Ties to England were broken • There was a sense of renewed patriotism • They sought a new style that showed their new freedom and independence

  44. The Federal Period • Named in honor of the new federal government of the United States • Adam Style • Named in honor of English architects Robert and James Adam- two brothers who took the Georgian style and added touches of Greece and Rome

  45. The Federal Period Cont’d • Adam Style Home Characteristics • Rectangular design with one or more stories • Some homes have a center section with wings on either end • Gable roof- slopes of the roof generally face the front and the back of the house • A cornice extends across the front and the back of the house at the roofline

  46. The Federal Period Cont’d • Adam Style Characteristics • Windows were symmetrical with many panes • They added a fanlight , an semicircular, round, or oval window with fan-shaped panes of glass over the door or in the pediment • Plasters and woodcarvings in classical designs on the walls and ceilings

  47. The Adam Style Home

  48. Adam Style Interior

  49. Adam Style Fanlight

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