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Understanding Pharmacology: Beta Blockers, Antihypertensives, Antihyperlipidemics, Antidepressants & ADHD Medications

Explore the mechanisms, types, and adverse effects of medications such as beta blockers, antihypertensives, antihyperlipidemics, antidepressants, and ADHD drugs. Learn about their functions, uses, and potential side effects in treating various conditions.

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Understanding Pharmacology: Beta Blockers, Antihypertensives, Antihyperlipidemics, Antidepressants & ADHD Medications

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  1. Other Medicines

  2. Andrenergic Antagonists (Blockers) • Bind to receptor site but do not cause an action • Alpha & Beta receptor blockers • Alpha blockers • decrease peripheral resistance • decrease heart rate • decrease blood pressure • Beta blockers • decrease blood pressure • decrease cardiac output

  3. Blockers cont. • Beta blockers treatment for: • angina • cardiac arrhythmias • Adverse effects • brachycardia • orthostatic hypertension • fatigue • drowsiness

  4. Antihypertensive Drugs (High Blood Pressure) • High blood pressure > 140/90 • Due to increase in vascular smooth muscle tone, increase resistance in blood vessels • Cause – heredity, stress, increase salt in diet, obesity, smoking • Types of medicines • Diuretics • Beta blockers • ACE inhibitors • Calcium Channel blockers

  5. Antihyperlipidemic Drugs(Cholesterol Reducing) • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors • inhibit cholesterol synthesis • deplete intracellular supply of cholesterol which lowers plasma cholesterol, increase removal from body • Examples: • Zocor • Lipitor • Pravachol • Generic names end in “vastatin” • Combine with diet and exercise • Adverse effects • muscle pain, elevated liver enzymes

  6. Depression • Depression – due to a chemical imbalance • lack of serotonin & norepinephrine & dopamine (neurotransmitters) • Signs & Symptoms • intense sadness, hopelessness, despair, inability to experience pleasure, change in appetite or sleep habits • Treatment • Medications • Counseling

  7. Antidepressant Drugs • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) • blocks norepinephrine & serotonin uptake in the presynaptic nerve terminals • effects – elevate mood, improve mental alertness, increase physical activity • adverse effects – blurred vision, dry mouth, sedation • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) • MAO – enzyme inactivates norepinephrine, serotonin, & dopamine • MAOI – inactivates the enzyme • many side effects & interactions w/ medicines & foods • adverse effects – headache, nausea, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, blurred vision, dry mouth

  8. Antidepressant Drugs cont. • Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors (SSRI) • specifically inhibit uptake of serotonin • side effects – nausea, anxiety, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight loss, tremors • examples: • Prozac • Zoloft • Paxil • Celexa • Luvox – pediatric use • All drugs may take several weeks for effects to be seen

  9. Attention Deficit Disorder • Treat with stimulants to promote CNS functioning • Examples • Ritalin • Dexedrine • Side / Adverse effects • mania, insomnia, hallucinations, dizziness, nervousness, irritability

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