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Understanding the Bureaucracy: Structure, Power, and Reform in Government Systems

Explore the history, functions, and challenges of bureaucratic institutions, from early reforms to modern-day practices. This comprehensive guide delves into the complexities of administrative government, the balance of power between branches, and ongoing reform efforts. Gain insights into the dynamics of authority, accountability, and public service in the bureaucratic landscape.

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Understanding the Bureaucracy: Structure, Power, and Reform in Government Systems

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Bureaucracy • Recent headlines: • Feds took welfare families’ child support • HUD not enforcing disabled law

  2. The Bureaucracy • Have you ever written a computer program? Followed instructions on building a model or setting up a multi-media system? All are like laws in that the application may be different than the original intent.

  3. The Bureaucracy • Powers from the President & Congress • Original departments • State, Treasury, War • Public service, • Patronage or Spoils system in 19th century • Assassination of President Garfield • Civil Service reform with Pendleton Act in 1883

  4. The Bureaucracy • Woodrow Wilson (1887) and bureaucratic reform • Efficient; division of labor • Professional training, expertise • Top-down management; hierarchy • Bottom-up accountability • Max Weber and bureaucracy • Modern form of control; standard rules • Neutral competence or red tape

  5. The Bureaucracy • Growth of government with expanded public mission and size of population • Role of Science & Technology • Response to Business Excess & Failure • Belief in Progress • Expanding the American dream • Entrepreneurial government

  6. The Bureaucracy • Executive Office of the President • Cabinet departments • Independent agencies (e.g. ICC, FCC) • Government corporations (e.g. USPS) • Advisory committees (e.g. Interior and Klamath River Basin) • Congress and the Judiciary

  7. Federal Civilian Employment

  8. Federal Budget Overview

  9. How Bureaucracy Works • Authority mostly from Congress • Congressional intent • Delegation of details; often ambiguous • Administrative discretion • Report to President & OMB • Executive orders (Affirmative Action) • OMB and regulatory oversight • Congressional oversight & budget • Court orders (e.g. ADA & Supreme Court) • Responsiveness to the public • Too many masters?

  10. Agency Actions • Rulemaking, like Congress • Federal Register and student aid • Due process considerations • Adjudication, like the courts • Interior and water rights • NHTSA and Firestone tires • Town meetings with citizens • Modesto and local response to terrorism

  11. Efforts at Bureaucratic Reform • Civil Service Reform--1880s • Budgetary / Management Reform -- 1920s • Continuous reform since President Eisenhower • budget (ppbs, zbb, etc.) • personnel (TQM, Reinventing govt.) • Congress approves reorganization

  12. Personal Observations • Reform as business, Congress, courts • Bureaucracy and representation • Efficiency vs. effectiveness • An efficient DOD? • Implementation -- or the relationship between thought and action • Bureaucracy as partisan football? scapegoat?

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