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The Julio- Claudian Emperors

The Julio- Claudian Emperors. The Roman Empire. Principal Roman Emperors. Augustus Caesar. 1 st emperor of Rome ruled 27 BC-14AD Lived from 63 BC-14 AD Birth name: Gaius Octavius Thurinus Octavian was winner of 18 years’ civil war Designated heir of Julius Caesar in

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The Julio- Claudian Emperors

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  1. The Julio-Claudian Emperors

  2. The Roman Empire

  3. Principal Roman Emperors

  4. Augustus Caesar • 1st emperor of Rome ruled 27 BC-14AD • Lived from 63 BC-14 AD • Birth name: Gaius OctaviusThurinus • Octavian was winner of 18 years’ civil war • Designated heir of Julius Caesar in his will (grand-nephew of Caesar) • Given the name “Augustus” by the Senate

  5. “I found a Rome of bricks; I leave to you a Rome of marble”---last public words, referring to his many building projects. • Reformed taxation system • Established the Praetorian Guard: bodyguard unit of the emperors • Established city firefighting/ police brigades • Established an official courier system

  6. Wrote Res GestaeDiviAugusti: “The Accomplishments of the Divine Augustus” • Married 3 times, one daughter by his 2nd wife • 3rd wife: Livia Drusilla, the Empress Livia • Augustus was said to be short, with curly hair “inclining toward golden,” a medium complexion, and a unibrow. 

  7. Died Aug. 19, AD 14 • Last words: “"Have I played the part well? Then applaud as I exit."

  8. Julio-Claudians • Emperors who succeeded Caesar for 50 years: • Tiberius • Caligula • Claudius • Nero

  9. Tiberius • Step-son of Augustus, named heir in Augustus’ will • Son of Empress Livia • Lived 42 BC- AD 37 • Ruled AD 14-AD 37 • Forced by Augustus to divorce his first wife Vipsania and marry Augustus’ daughter Julia instead (not a happy marriage)

  10. Tiberius • Very successful general during Augustus’ reign in places like Germany • As emperor, Tiberius was not well-liked by the people or the Senate • He lived his last years on the island of Capri • His death may have been murder by suffocation

  11. Caligula • Lived from AD 12- AD 41 • Ruled from AD 37-41 • Son of Germanicus, Tiberius’ nephew and adopted son • Germanicus was a popular general • Caligula’s real name: Gaius • caligula= “little boot” (nickname soldiers gave him as a child)

  12. Caligula • Best remembered for being an an insane and cruel emperor • Tried to make his horse a consul • Rumored that he committed incest with his sisters • Was murdered by Cassius Chaerea(a centurion of the Praetorian Guard) and a group of others

  13. Claudius • Lived 10 BC- AD 54 • Ruled AD 41- AD 54 • Lame and stuttered, shunned by the royal family • Loved history and writing • Uncle of Caligula • Proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard after Caligula’s assassination

  14. Married several times: last wife was Agrippina (his niece) • adopted Agrippina’s son Nero as his heir (over his own son Britannicus) • May have been murdered by his wife • Very good administrator • Conquered Britain • Many building projects • Tried to add 3 letters to the alphabet Fun Fact: Issued an edict promoting passing gas for good health 

  15. Nero • Lived AD 37- AD 68 • Ruled AD 54- AD 68 • Grand-nephew and stepson of Claudius • Started his rule well, but became increasingly cruel and tyrannical • Loved music and the arts • Murdered his step-brother Britannicus and his own mother Agrippina

  16. Great Fire of Rome in AD 64: blamed the Christians and killed many of them • Built his “Golden House” on land claimed after the fire • Overthrown in AD 68 and committed suicide • Last words: “What an artist dies in me!”

  17. Year of the 4 EmperorsAD 68- AD 69 • Four men claimed the throne after Nero’s death • Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian • All generals • Vespasian defeated the others and became emperor • Vespasian founded the Flavian Dynasty

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