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The Impact of Rome's Five Great Emperors on Stability, Inequality, and Military Dynamics

The era of Rome's five great emperors—Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius—was marked by significant societal shifts, including growing inequality and unrest. These emperors navigated a complex political landscape while implementing lasting reforms. Marius's army reforms led to volunteers swearing loyalty to their generals, intertwining military power with politics. The Pax Romana period, characterized by peace and respect for the ruling classes, fostered stability and domestic advancements. Despite their efforts, challenges remained, such as the violent opposition to proposals for reform and military strategic shifts like Hadrian's Wall.

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The Impact of Rome's Five Great Emperors on Stability, Inequality, and Military Dynamics

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  1. “The Great Emperors” Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Arelius

  2. Growing Inequality and Unrest Opens door for more stability and violence Senators killed brothers for proposing such an idea

  3. Changes in Army ARMY REPUBLIC • Marius recruited volunteers for army promising land • Swore oath of loyalty to the general • Generals forced to become involved in politics to get laws passed for veterans

  4. Collapse of the Republic Triumvirate: government by three people with equal power

  5. The First Triumvirate

  6. The Second Triumvirate

  7. PaxRomana “Roman Peace” Lasted for almost 100 years Treated ruling classes with respect Ended arbitrary executions Maintained peace Supported domestic policies helpful to empire

  8. PaxRomana • Trajan • Created program providing state funds to assist poor parents • Trajan & Hadrian • Built public works

  9. Roman Lands • Hadrian • Withdrew troops from much of Mesopotamia • Went on defensive front • Strengthened fortifications • Built Hadrian’s wall (located where??)

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