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Is Your “System” ready for Digital?

Is Your “System” ready for Digital?. Bill Naivar- Georgia Tech Jeff Oberholtzer- Quality Fiber and RF Inc. What is the “System”?. Everything between the Headend and the last TV. Active devices: Fiber Nodes, Distribution Amplifiers, Set-top boxes Passive devices:

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Is Your “System” ready for Digital?

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  1. Is Your “System” ready for Digital? Bill Naivar- Georgia Tech Jeff Oberholtzer- Quality Fiber and RF Inc.

  2. What is the “System”? • Everything between the Headend and the last TV. • Active devices: Fiber Nodes, Distribution Amplifiers, Set-top boxes • Passive devices: Splitters/Directional Couplers, Connectors, Fiber/Coaxial cable

  3. RF LevelsAmplifiersSignal Leakage/Ingress/Egress Potential System Problems:

  4. Digital Carrier Power vs Analog Carrier Power

  5. Digital Carrier Power vs Analog Carrier Power

  6. Digital Carrier Power vs Analog Carrier Power

  7. Digital Carrier Power vs Analog Carrier Power

  8. Digital Carrier Power vs Analog Carrier Power

  9. Digital Channel ImpairmentsLinear Distortions

  10. Digital Channel ImpairmentsMicro-Reflections

  11. Digital Channel ImpairmentsMisaligned Amplifiers

  12. Digital Channel ImpairmentsMisaligned Amplifiers

  13. Digital Channel ImpairmentsMisaligned Amplifiers

  14. Digital Channel ImpairmentsGroup Delay

  15. Digital Channel TroubleshootingConstellation

  16. Digital Channel TroubleshootingConstellation

  17. Digital Channel TroubleshootingConstellation

  18. Digital Channel TroubleshootingMER and BER

  19. Digital Channel TroubleshootingMER and BER

  20. Digital Channel DeploymentUHF Interference

  21. Digital Channel DeploymentUHF Interference

  22. Signal Leakage: • Ingress: Unwanted RF signals getting INTO the Cable System. • Egress: Unwanted RF signals getting OUT of the Cable System.

  23. Signal Leakage: Cumulative Leakage Index • Commercial CATV systems must comply with yearly FCC requirements for signal egress. • Cable System Signal Leaks more than 20 micro/V per meter @ 3 meters (10 feet) must be repaired. • All leaks more than 50 micro/V per meter @ 3 meters (10 feet) must be logged for CLI calculation. • A CLI of greater than 64 fails the entire system for system leakage.

  24. Signal Leakage/Signal Ingress: • RF signals outside the cable at or near the same frequency of the RF signals on the cable will cause problems with the RF signals on the cable if they can get in.

  25. Signal Leakage: Ingress:How does it get in? • Most Leakage comes from a lack of proper System Maintenance.

  26. Signal Leakage: Ingress:How does it get in? • Loose or improperly made connectors.

  27. Signal Leakage: Ingress:How does it get in? • Attempted signal theft.

  28. Signal Leakage: Ingress:How does it get in? • Cracks in the Cable Shield. • How old is your mainline coax? (Coax older than 15 years is very prone to shield defects.)

  29. Where do the Unwanted RF Signals Come From?

  30. WRAS 88.5 - Atlanta (College Radio) • WRFG 89.3 - Atlanta (Local Public Radio) • WABE 90.1 - Atlanta (Classical music/NPR) • WREK 91.1 - Atlanta (College Radio) • WWEV Victory 91.5 - Atlanta (Christian) • WCLK Jazz 91.9 - Atlanta (Jazz) • WZGC 92.9 Dave FM - Atlanta (AAA) • WVFJ J93.3 - Atlanta (Christian) • WSTR Star 94 - Atlanta (Top 40) • WLTM 94.9 Lite FM - Atlanta (AC) • WBTS 95.5 The Beat - Atlanta (Urban Top 40) • WKLS 96 Rock - Atlanta (Classic rock) • WSRV 97.1 The River - Gainesville (Classic Hits) • WPZE Praise 97.5 - Atlanta (Urban Gospel) • WSB B98.5FM - Atlanta (AC) • WNNX 99X - Atlanta (Modern Rock) • WNSY Sunny 100 - Canton (Oldies) • WWWQ Q100 - Atlanta (Top 40) • WKHX Kicks 101.5 - Marietta (Country) • WLKQ La Raza 102.3 - Atlanta (Mexican) • WAMJ 102.5 WRNBAtlanta (Urban AC) • WVEE 103 - Atlanta (Urban Contemporary) • WALR Kiss 104.1 - Atlanta (Urban Oldies) • WFSH 104.7 The Fish - Atlanta (Christian) • WBZY 105.3 The Buzz - Atlanta (Alternative Rock) • WWVA Viva 105.7 - Atlanta (Spanish top 40) • WYAY Eagle 106.7 - Atlanta (Classic country) • WTSH South 107 - Rome, GA (Country) • WJZZ Smooth Jazz 107.5 - Atlanta (Smooth Jazz) • WHTA Hot 107.9 - Atlanta (Urban)

  31. Leakage Detection: How Do I find Signals Ingressing my Cable System? • You don’t. • The answer is to detect signal EGRESS. (If it can get in, then it’s getting OUT!) • Many vendors sell signal Leakage detection equipment.

  32. Signal Leakage detection @ Georgia Tech

  33. …another important thing about signal leakage…

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