A Strategic Initiative for UT/LS Research at NCAR

1. A Strategic Initiative for UT/LS Research at NCAR L. Pan, S. Schauffler, M. Barth, T. Campos, A. Heymsfield, A. Lambert, D. Lenschow, W. Randel, P. Rasch (A. Gettelman), B. Ridley, D. Rogers, J. Stith, and P. Wennberg

2. Motivations • Scientific significance - • Important impact - Ozone, water vapor, cirrus clouds, and aerosols have major effects on Earth’s radiation budget • Complicated processes - Multiscale transport and exchange between LS and UT, strong gradients in trace constituents, and multiphase chemistry • Common interest - critical mass of collaborators interested in chemistry,dynamics and microphysics of UT/LS among four NCAR divisions and beyond • New opportunities - the AURA satellite (2004) and other A-train platforms, GPS/cosmic (2005), and HIAPER (2005)

3. The NCAR wide UT/LS initiative project: background and status • Started in ACD as a part of strategic initiative planning process (2001); • Proposed to and supported by the NCAR director’s opportunity fund as an incubator project that has participations from multiple NCAR divisions (October 2002); • A coordinating committee has formed to lead the process of a white paper and an initiative proposal for the NCAR director’s initiative fund (Dec. 2002); • First NCAR UT/LS science team meeting participated by ~60 NCAR scientist from 5 divisions/programs (Jan 2003); • Asked and agreed to plan scientific objectives and instrument payload for initial HIAPER science flights (Jan 2003)

4. Concept of the UT/LS Initiative Project • To identify key UT/LS scientific issues that NCAR scientists are interested and in a good position to make contributions; • To facilitate a collaborative effort among NCAR divisions/programs; • To design an integrated research using satellite remote sensing data from A-train and other synergistic satellite program, in situ aircraft measurements and multi-scale models; • To plan the use of HIAPER in conjunction with the effort of broader scientific community.

5. Scientific Issues of Interest • Distribution and variability of ozone and water vapor. • Stratosphere-troposphere exchange. • Convective influence. • Oxidizing capacity. • Multiphase chemistry associated with aerosols and cloud particles. • Cloud microphysics.

6. How does Monsoon circulation contribute to STE and UT chemistry? H2O (Nov) NOx (July) HALOE MOZART3 HALOE MOZART3 Contributed by Bill Randel

7. What are the large and small scale processes that contribute to STE? Contributed by Mel Shapiro

8. Does deep convection contribute to STE in the extratropics? • - Examine cloud-top instabilities that cause mixing and STE: • -Mixing of dry stratospheric air (and constituent species) into cloudy troposphere. • Injection of moist plumes into lower stratosphere. • - Coupled with more sophisticated microphysics can also examine stratospheric dehydration. Contributed by Todd Lane (Lane et al., in press JAS)

9. How do we identify and quantify irreversible exchange processes using observations? Mixing in the vicinity of a cut-off low: Upper: In situ CO and O3 from DC 8 (Sacsh) Lower: LIDAR O3 (Browell) Contributed by Laura Pan

10. How do we model mixing process? (Model (CLaMS) Investigation of SONEX flight 10) L. Pan et al., work in progress

11. How does convection impact UT O3 and particles? RO2 or HOx NOx CH2O H2O2 CH3OOH CH3C(O)CH3 O3 cloud chemistry HOx = OH + HO2 NOx = NO + NO2

12. Transport Cloud Scale: Skamarock et al. (2000) simulated with a 3-d cloud model the tracer transport well Contributed by M. Barth

13. outflow outflow outflow outflow Convective cloud simulation with chemistry of a STERAO storm t = 9000 s Contributed by Mary Barth

14. HIAPER (High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research) • Gulfstream V aircraft, purchased by NSF through MREFC ($80M) • Managed by HIAPER Project Office (HPO) at NCAR • Scientific community oversight by HAC

15. The HIAPER “Green” Airframe ◄ S/N 677 (HIAPER) after roll out in early June 2002 HIAPER awaiting inspection during Integrated Project Team ► (IPT) 3 Meeting in June 2002

16. GV Capabilities ** Data shown are for HIAPER (GV Serial Number 677) ** • Maximum Range: 6,055 nm (11,214 km) • Maximum Cruise Altitude: 51,000 ft (15,545 m) • Maximum Scientific Payload: 6,600 lbs (2,994 kg) • Typical Zero Fuel Weight: 53,679 lbs (24,349 kg) • Maximum Mission Fuel: 37,221 lbs (16,883 kg) • Maximum Ramp Weight: 90,900 lbs (41,232 kg) • Maximum Takeoff Weight: 90,500 lbs (41,051 kg)

17. “Soft Start” period • Planned time period: July 05 - April 06, 100-150 flight hours; • “soft start”: Jeffco airport based flights and gradual increase of instrument payload; • “friendly users”: select instruments that have successfully flown on other aircraft; • Initial science plan and instrument list to be propose to OFAP April 2003 • Instruments finalized by October 2003.

18. “Soft Start” cont. • Initial science issues considered (in progress): • STE in the vicinity of the subtropical jet, multi scale transport and mixing • Convective influence to UT chemistry and clouds • Instrument inter-comparisons • Instruments being considered • State parameters (T, P, Alt, Lat, Lon, winds, RH…) (NCAR/RAF) • MTP (JPL) • O3, CO, H2O (ATD), O3, (NOAA) • CO, CO2 (Harvard) • Total Water (CU) • Whole Air Sampler (NCAR) • Hydrometeor Spectrometers, PMS, CN (NCAR) • FTIR (NCAR)

19. Scientific Test Flights and AURA Validation