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Chapter 21: Romantic Music: Program Music, Ballet, and Musical Nationalism

Chapter 21: Romantic Music: Program Music, Ballet, and Musical Nationalism. Program Music. Program Music On the other end of the spectrum Absolute Music :. Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) and the Program Symphony. Born near Grenoble, France Composer and music critic Skilled in orchestration

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Chapter 21: Romantic Music: Program Music, Ballet, and Musical Nationalism

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  1. Chapter 21:Romantic Music: Program Music, Ballet,and Musical Nationalism

  2. Program Music • Program Music • On the other end of the spectrum • Absolute Music:

  3. Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) and the Program Symphony • Born near Grenoble, France • Composer and music critic • Skilled in orchestration • Influenced by literature, especially Shakespeare

  4. Symphonie fantastique (1830) • The first complete program symphony • Berlioz wrote the program based on his love affair with Harriet Smithson • Five movements: I. Reveries, Passion II. A Ball III. Scene in the Country IV. March to the Scaffold V. Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath • Unifying theme: idée fixe (fixed idea)

  5. IV. March to the Scaffold • Re-creates the sounds of the French military bands he heard as a child • Rousing march tempo • Exceptionally heavy low brass • Use of the ophicleide (tuba)

  6. V. Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath • Berlioz creates his personal vision of hell • Parody of the idée fixe • Dies Irae chant – burial hymn of the medieval church

  7. Tchaikovsky’s Ballets • Ballet • Swan Lake (1876), Sleeping Beauty (1889), The Nutcracker (1892) • “Dance of the Reed Pipes” from The Nutcracker • Ternary form • Evokes the sound of shepherds playing pan-pipes • Clear meter

  8. Music and Nationalism • Arose from the political upheaval of the 19th-century • National anthems, native dances, protest songs, victory symphonies • Use of indigenous musical elements • Folksongs, Scales, Dance rhythms, Local instrumental sounds, Programs based on national subjects

  9. Russian Nationalism: • Russia was one of the first countries to develop its own national style of art music, distinct and separate from the traditions of German orchestral music and Italian opera • Modest Mussorgsky, “Pictures at an Exhibition” • Rimsky Korsakov, “Night on Bald Mountain”

  10. Pictures at an Exhibition (1874) • Originally for piano; orchestrated by Maurice Ravel in 1922 • Each movement depicts a different drawing or painting by Victor Hartmann (1833-1873) • Promenade: Opens the work and serves as transition between movements

  11. Polish Ox-cart: Creates a sense of time and movement • Two-note ostinato • Crescendo and decrescendo as the cart approaches and slowly disappears • Begins and ends with the lowest sounds; orchestrated with tuba and double basses • The Great Gate of Kiev: Impression of a parade passing through a great arch • Rondo form: ABABCA • Use of different musical styles in each section

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