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Indian Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling: Its role on ENSO and Monsoon Variability

Indian Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling: Its role on ENSO and Monsoon Variability. C. Perigaud (JPL), D. Neelin (UCLA), and J. McCreary (IPRC). Variability studied over 1980-2000 with:. * Data: FSU winds Arkin rainfall Reynolds SST

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Indian Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling: Its role on ENSO and Monsoon Variability

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  1. Indian Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling: Its role on ENSO and Monsoon Variability C. Perigaud (JPL), D. Neelin (UCLA), and J. McCreary (IPRC)

  2. Variability studied over 1980-2000 with: * Data: FSU winds Arkin rainfall Reynolds SST TOPEX sea level XBT from BRMC, Australia * Models: Indian and Pacific Oceans, Tropical Atmosphere, the Coupler the experiments (“forced” or “partially coupled”)

  3. QTCM Atmosphere QTCM: Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model Neelin and Zeng (2000) Run forced by land + SST Reynolds 1980-2000---> CLIMa

  4. IND4LM: Indian Ocean IND4LM:Model with 4-dynamic layers + halo-thermal mixing McCreary and Han (2000) Run forced by FSU winds +Arkin rain + Molinari heat---> CLIMo

  5. OASIS Coupler OASIS: Ocean-Atmosphere SeaIce Soil, Terray et al. (1995) Here, it couples IND4LM (and tropical Pacific) with QTCM

  6. FLXo=Anom+CLIMo SSTa=Anom+CLIMa FLXa=Anom+CLIMa SSTo=Anom+CLIMo

  7. QTCM winds heat rain FSU winds Reynolds SST Ind4LM Sea level Salinity Temperature QTCM Ind4LM Experiments The two experiments differ by their inputs over the Indian ocean: Exp 0: SST_Ind4LM = Climatology Reynolds SST data Exp 1: SST_Ind4LM = 1980-2000 Reynolds SST data

  8. Impact of Indian SSTs on Pacific trade winds

  9. Impact of Indian SSTs on Rainfall Rainfall at 92ºE, 7ºS

  10. Impact on Sea Surface Salinity

  11. Sea Surface Salinity Changes because of winds (and rain)

  12. Impact on Sea Surface Temperature

  13. Conclusion • Indian SST anomalies are responsible for rainfall deficits over Indonesia in 1994 and 1997. Dipole mode is not the only mode of variability involving Indian Ocean-Atmosphere coupling. * Rain min associated with SSS min in 1994, with SSS max in 1997. * Forcing the Indian Ocean with realistic RAIN is crucial to simulate realistic SST.

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