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Role of Local Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Atlantic Variability

Role of Local Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Atlantic Variability. Shang-Ping Xie International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii. Atlantic El Nino. SST Dipole? Ocean GCM Coupled Feedback Atmospheric GCM Processes that weaken cross-eq. feedback. SST dipole. Y_ITCZ.

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Role of Local Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Atlantic Variability

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  1. Role of Local Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Atlantic Variability Shang-Ping Xie International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii • Atlantic El Nino • SST Dipole? • Ocean GCM • Coupled Feedback • Atmospheric GCM • Processes that weaken cross-eq. feedback

  2. SST dipole Y_ITCZ dxZ20 Servain ’99, GRL

  3. Nobre and Shukla 1996, JC

  4. Quasi-decadal oscillation? NE Brazil rainfall Enfield et al. ’99, JGR SST dipole Mehta ’98, JC 835-year sediment core 11.4 yr Tourre et al. ’99, JC Black et al. ’99, Science

  5. SST’ 30S 30N Eq

  6. Cloud-SST Feedback Okumura et al. ’01, GRL Xie & Saito ’01, JC

  7. Dtx Dh t’=0 DSST Carton et al. 1996, JPO (Hakkinen and Mo 2001, JC) Seager et al. 2001, JC

  8. Xie et al. 1999, GRL

  9. Chang et al. 2000, JC Sutton et al. 2000, JC

  10. SST and surface wind (JFM) Okumura et al. (2001), GRL

  11. Corr(NCEP, Model) 79-98 Obs U Linear Model V Chiang et al. 2001, JAS Also Chung et al. 2001, JGR

  12. Chang et al. 2001, JC

  13. Cross-equatorial interaction Zonal-mean model simulation Xie and Tanimoto ’98, GRL Obs Chang et al. ‘01, J. Climate

  14. Processes that weaken inter-hemispheric interaction Correlation H. Okajima 2001

  15. Conclusions Equatorial mode with Bjerknes feedback Meridional/dipole mode Statistical evidence Surface heat flux (wind & cloud) dominates off-eq. SST variability Near-eq. baroclinic response and barotropic teleconnection into the subtropics Two-way coupling among cross-eq. SST gradient, ITCZ, and near-eq. wind Processes that weaken this interaction: Asymmetric ITCZ and external forcing (NAO & ENSO)

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