1. Pain nourishes courage. You can't be brave if you've only had wonderful things happen to you. – Mary Tyler Moore

2. Shashidhar Venkatesh Murthy A/Prof & Head of Pathology College of Medicine & Dentistry CLINICAL PATHOLOGY The foundation of clinical medicine. BPH2: Urinary Tract Dis: UTI CPC System Topic : Term4 Week3 - BPH 2/6 : Urinary Tract. : 1: Overview 2: UTI 3: BPH 4: Tumours 5: Obstructions Lithiasis 6: Others 7: GLS

3. 3 UTI: Overview Urethritis, Cystitis, Prostatitis, Pyelonephritis 90% by Escherichia coli *, Recurrence (40%), Uropathogenic strains (UPEC). P fimbriae or pili – bind to urothelium. Colonize colon spread to urinary tract. Staph. Saprophyticus, Proteus, Klebs., Entero., Ureaplasma.. - Rare      Clinical:  Females*, Anatomy*, sexual, UT abnormality / Obstructions.  Dysuria, Low grade fever, frequency, urgency,  Flank pain, high fever, – pyelonephritis.  Complications: E coli septicemia* endotoxins  DIC*, Prostatitis, Prostatic abscess.

4. A friend is someone with whom you dare to be yourself. – Frank Crane

5. 5 UTI: Diagnosis: E coli Blood: Leukocytosis – neutrophilia Midstream clean catch Urine specimen* Dipstick: Leukocyte esterase & nitritie +ve. Urine: pyuria, neutrophils, bacteria,     MacConkey agar* selective, indicator media. 24h, 37°C, Aerobic, Pink colony (lactose ferment  acid  pH indicator), Beta-hemolytic on blood agar.    Microscopy gram stain:  Gram negative Bacilli, Lactose fermenting.  Also Entero.. & Klebsiella ferment lactose.  Further tests to confirm: E coli  urease –ve (unlike Klebsiella & Proteus +ve)

6. A friend is someone with whom you dare to be yourself. – Frank Crane