MBA 669 Special Topics: IT-enabled organizational Forms

1. MBA 669Special Topics: IT-enabled organizational Forms Dave Salisbury salisbury@udayton.edu (email) http://www.davesalisbury.com/ (web site)

2. Stuff to Worry About Tonight • Infrastructure – Who cares? • Thinking about leveraging the available infrastructure to redesign business processes • Value in a Networked World • Cisco and the networked world as described by Friedman • The Internet: Behind the Web • The next thing – mobile and ubiquitous

3. Interstates as infrastructure • Eisenhower saw it as a means to enable rapid mobilization for the military in times of crisis • Other than the ceremonial first shovel (if that), doubt he did much of the designing, engineering or building • Still, the vision led to a designer laying out the concept, and engineers building the infrastructure to carry it out • Not just for the military

4. Internet as infrastructure • Military saw it as a means to enhance ability to communicate in event of nuclear attack • Once the pipes are there they can be used for pretty much anything • Once the network was in place and congress passed legislation, network gets used for a variety of different purposes

5. Why do we care? • The infrastructure constrains yet also enables what you can do as a company • The rules change as to what is and is not possible • Understanding the new possibilities and implications for your firm

6. Networks & the new organization • MIDS • Networks supplant hierarchies • “None of us is as smart as all of us” • Movement of responsibility and authority from the center to the edges • Ever more rapid isomorphism • The straitjacket and the herd

7. Where intelligence is migrating • Location • Coupled • Decoupled • Mobility • Isolated • Connected

8. Value Trends • Value at ends • Common infrastructure (& open standards) • Modularity • Orchestration (middleware?) • Grid computing • No money in the pipes

9. Value in a Networked World • Arbitrage • Follow the best source or cheapest cost (or both) • Aggregation • GoDaddy (as an example) • Rewiring • Tighter coordination both internally & externally (Dell & UPS) • Reassembly • Package modules – reusable – easy to package different ones together to provide a unique product to anybody

10. Cisco (from Friedman) • How has the availability of the TCP/IP-based Internet infrastructure shaped Cisco? • Could an organizational structure like Cisco’s have existed without the Internet? • How do you see this evolving in terms of how we think of things like outsourcing, application service providers, etc? • What would Drucker say about this?

11. Mobile & Ubiquitous Computing • Computers small enough to be truly mobile • Replace wires with wireless communication • Combine mobile devices and a wireless environment • Ubiquitous Computing – computing anytime anywhere

12. Mobile Computing – Attributes • Ubiquity • Convenience • Instant connectivity • Personalization • Localization of products and services

13. Mobile Computing – Characteristics • Mobility implies portability • users carry a mobile device everywhere they go • real-time contact with other systems from wherever they happen to be • Broad reach is the characteristic that describes the accessibility of people. They can be reached at any time. • What does this mean for how you design your organization?

14. Mobile Computing – Drivers • Widespread availability of mobile devices (1.3 billion cell phones) • No need for a PC (less bulk to carry) • The handset culture (or social disease, IMHO) • Vendor push • Moore and Metcalfe’s laws • Bigger pipes (bandwidth)

15. Mobile Computing Applications • Support Of Mobile Workers: are those working outside the corporate premises. Service technician’s, Sales personnel, Delivery workers, etc. • Wearable Devices. Employees may be equipped with a special form of mobile wireless computing devices • Camera. • Screen. • Keyboard/Touch-panel display. • Speech translator

16. Mobile Computing Applications • Job Dispatch along with info about the task • Transportation • Utilities measurement • Field service • Health care • Security • Supporting Other Types of Work • Farm Tractors • Mystery shoppers

17. Mobile Computing Applications • Wireless networking, used to pick items out of storage in warehouses via PCs mounted on forklifts • Delivery-status updates, entered on PCs inside distribution trucks • Collection of data such as competitors’ inventories and prices in stores using a handheld (but not networked) device, from which data were transferred to company headquarters each evening. • Taking physical inventories

18. Mobile Computing – Mobile B2B • Integrating the mobile device into the supply chain • make mobile reservations of goods • check availability of a particular item in the warehouse • order a particular product • provide security access to confidential financial data • reduce clerical mistakes and improve operations

19. Location-based Commerce • Location of people and things • Navigation from one location to another • Tracking where it went • Mapping something into space • Getting the time at a specific location

20. Location-Based Technologies • Position Determining Equipment (PDE). This equipment identifies the location of the mobile device. (GPS) • Mobile Positioning Center (MPC). The MPC is a server that manages the location information sent from the PDE. • Location-based technology. This technology consists of groups of servers that combine the position information with geographic- and location-specific content to provide an l-commerce service. • Geographic content. Geographic contents consists of streets, road maps, addresses, routes, landmarks, land usage, Zip codes, and the like. (GIS) • Location-specific content. Location-specific content is used in conjunction with the geographic content to provide the location of particular services.

21. Location-Based Commerce • Location-based advertising. • The wireless device is detected, and similar to a pop-up ads on a PC, advertising is directed towards the PC. • A dynamic billboard ad will be personalized specifically for the occupant of an approaching car. • Ads on vehicles (taxicabs, trucks, buses) will change based on the vehicles location. • E-911 emergency cell phone calls • Telematics and telemetry applications • integration of computers and wireless communications in order to improve information flow (OnStar system by GM)

22. Pervasive Computing • RFID (radio frequency identification) tag attached to items for sale. • Active badges worn as ID cards by employees. • Memory buttons are nickel-sized devices that store information relating to whatever it is attached to. • Contextual computing- understanding the user’s interactions w/system within a valid context

23. MorePervasive Computing • Smart home • Local Intranet • Smart, networked appliances • Smart Cars • Microprocessors controlling the various automobile functions while driving • Problem diagnosis in the shop • Smart “Things” • Making devices “smart” • Barcodes – RFID • Keys – Automatic ID

24. What’s new? • Decoupling is not only of intelligence in networks • Decoupling of information from product • Decoupling of information from process • Necessitates getting back to the essence of the process • What versus how