1 / 19

Things I need to collect from you Monday:

Explore Egypt's history from French presence to Nasser's rise. Learn about key events, leaders, and treaties shaping the nation.

vsutton
Télécharger la présentation

Things I need to collect from you Monday:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Things I need to collect from you Monday: • 1. Creation of Israel • 2. 1948 War • 3. 1948 Long Term and Short Term Causes Essay • 4. Keep all your MidEast Portfolio Papers nearby…

  2. Egypt: nasser’s Rise to Power

  3. Population Density of Egypt

  4. Early TImeline • Late 1700s French presence in Egypt • 1860s Suez Canal built by French, Egypt is economically tied to Europe now • 1875 Egypt is forced to sell its shares in the canal to Britain • 1882 Britain fights Egypt for control in a few battles, takes control (height of European imperialism in Africa) • 1914 (eve of WWI) Britain makes itself official “protectorate” of Egypt • (all along, Egypt still has a Sultan)

  5. Mediterranean Sea Great Bitter Lake Red Sea

  6. Early TImeline • 1919 a new leader emerged, Sa’adZaghlul and his Wafd Party • Z was highborn peasant, college educated as a lawyer in France, became a judge in Egypt, then married the Prime Minister’s daughter • 1919 Paris Peace Conference—Zaghlul wanted to go but Britain said no—brief exile to Malta—but the • 1919 Egyptian Revolution happened—people of all social classes protested Z’s exile, saying “Egypt for Egyptians”—self-determination, Wilson’s baby

  7. Early Timeline • 1919 Zaghloul and Wafd buddies are allowed to attend PPC, but no one in Europe cares • 1919 US government officially recognizes the British protectorate of Egypt, ignores Zaghlul (See Document.) (full text) • 1922 Egypt is released from British protectorate, a free country… • But Britain remains in control of Suez Canal, Sudan, and foreign relations • Sultan Faud changed his title to King of Egypt

  8. Early Timeline • 1923 Egypt held elections, Zaghlul and Wafd party gained much political power • Through 1936, Egyptian power triangle: • 1. British: protective of regional interests (Suez, proximity to Palestine, access to Asia) • 2. Wafd Party: really popular among all walks of Egyptian life • 3. King Faud: still held a lot of real power • This time period saw a resurgence of Arab nationalism and culture

  9. Anglo-Egyptian Treaty 1936 • Reasons: • King Faud died (succeeded by young, inept son) • Mussolini invaded Ethiopia/Abyssinia • Treaty: Britain has to remove all troops except what is necessary to protect the Suez Canal and the country in case of war

  10. WWII • 1939 Egypt declared neutrality in WWII • Britain as close influence was Allied Power • 1940 Italy invaded Libya, then Egypt • (remember the North Africa Campaign?) • 1942 British required the King to find a new leader from the Wafd party (seen as more reliable, less likely to disobey the British) • Political suicide for the Wafd… cooperating with the British • Called the 4th of February Incident

  11. Postwar Tension & Change • Three Factors: • 1. Suez Canal: 10,000 British troops stationed to protect it, always a sore point for Egyptian nationalism, especially now • 2. Economic Situation: .4% of the pop. Owned 35% of the land (rich politicians…) and 95% owned another 35%... Economy based on food production & cotton—war seriously disrupted it • 3. 1948 War loss: convinced Egyptians they had incompetent leadership

  12. Opposition & Revolution • 1. Muslim Brothers formed: a Pan-Islamic group wanting to return to Islamic values, uniting Arabs as Muslims against foreigners • 2. Free Officers: formed after the 1948 war, wanting to overthrow the monarchy as well as end imperialism • 1951, Wafd government ended Anglo-Egyptian treaty, but the British refused to negotiate. • Early 1952, Cairo riots—demonstrators burned buildings, British soldiers in Suez Canal zone killed protesters… that was the end.

  13. Revolution & Nasser’s Start • July 1952 Free Officers seized communications controls and replaced the King’s government with the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) • RCC ruled for a transitional time, Egypt was declared a republic but • political parties were banned, • old constitutions revoked • Anyone in politics from 46-52 couldn’t now • Mohammad Naghib became President • Gamal Abdel Nasser became VP… but disagreements led Naghib to quit by 1954.

  14. Review QUestions • 1. Along what physical feature do most Egyptians live? • 2. What manmade feature made Egypt economically tied to Britain and France? • 3. What was Britain’s official title over Egypt in 1914? • 4. Who was the leader that represented Egypt’s interests at the Paris Peace Conference? • 5. What was Zaghlul’s political party called?

More Related