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Bell Ringer 2/21/11

1. Ultraviolet radiation can cause mutations in the DNA of skin cells that have been overexposed to the sun. Will this mutated DNA affect future offspring and why/why not? 2. Write the type of mutation that occurs from this sequence: Original: C G T T A C

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Bell Ringer 2/21/11

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  1. 1. Ultraviolet radiation can cause mutations in the DNA of skin cells that have been overexposed to the sun. Will this mutated DNA affect future offspring and why/why not? 2. Write the type of mutation that occurs from this sequence: Original: C G T T A C a. C G T T A A C ___________ b. C G T A A C ____________ c. G T T A C ____________ 3. If a mutation causes RNA to change from CGU to CCU, how did the amino acids change? Bell Ringer 2/21/11

  2. LAST WEEK OF THE TERM – ALL MAKE-UP WORK IS DUE BY FRIDAY, FEB 25 (I am not going to track you down this time) • Grades are posted outside the door • Make sure you get your Exit Ticket sheet or grab a new one if it’s full • New Extra Credit article on the blog (printing human skin) Announcements

  3. Genetics You lookin good in them genes.

  4. DOMINANT = CAPITAL LETTERS • recessive = little letters • Homozygous = same • Homozygous Dominant (TT) • Homozygous recessive (tt) • Heterozygous = different (Tt) Phenotype Dominant Trait Recessive Trait Vocabulary TT Tt tt Genotype

  5. Different characteristics controlled by DNA (born with the trait) • Ex: height, beak size, paw size, hair color Genetic Variation

  6. DIHYBRID PUNNETT SQUARES

  7. Monohybrid cross Dihybrid cross • When only ONE trait is looked at • For example, height OR color • Use a 2x2 Punnett square • When TWO traits are looked at • For example, height AND color • Use a 4x4 Punnett square

  8. Dihybrid Crosses 1 2 3 4 1. GB 2. Gb 3. gB 4. gb 2 1 1 GgBb 2 3 3 4 4 GgBb x GgBb

  9. Step by Step Dihybrid Example

  10. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the children of parents that are heterozygous for round eyes with a blue body and purebred for round eyes and hybrid for a yellow body? An Example Problem

  11. Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents. Parent 1: Parent 2: Rryy RRYy heterozygous for round eyes blue body purebred for round eyes hybrid for a yellow body

  12. Step 2: Figure out the possible gamete combinations for each parent. (gametes = sex cells) Parent 1: Parent 2: • Each gamete gets one copy of each gene. • Helpful Hint: Use the FOIL method to make pairs. • FOIL pairs = First, Outer, Inner, Last Rryy RRYy Gametes: Gametes: Ry Ry ry ry RY Ry RY Ry First Outer Inner Last First Outer Inner Last

  13. Step 3: Complete the 4x4 Punnett square. Parent 1: Parent 2: Helpful Hint: Complete one gene (one letter type) and then the second one (the second letter). Gametes: Gametes: RY Ry Ry ry ry Ry RY Ry Ry Ry ry ry RY R R R y Y R R r Y R Y y y r Y y Ry R R y R y R R r y R y y y r y y RY R R R R y y r r R R Y Y y y Y Y Ry R R R R y y r r R R y y y y y y

  14. Genotype & Phenotype Ratios Ry Ry ry ry RY R R R Y R y R r Y R Y y y r Y y Ry R R R y R y R r y R y y y r y y RY R R R R R R Y Y y y r r Y Y y y Ry • Genotypes: • 4 RRYy :4 RrYy :4 RRyy :4 Rryy • Phenotypes: • 8 Round-eyed, yellow body :8 Round-eyed, blue body R R R R R R y y y y r r y y y y

  15. Whiteboard Practice Time Get out your whiteboards and markers.

  16. Write an example of a homozygous dominant genotype (any letter). Write an example of a heterozygous genotype (any letter). Which of the following is an example of genetic variation: a. Broken bones b. Number of colds you catch c. Type of sports you like d. Size of foot If a homozygous dominant male (TT) and a heterozygous female (Tt) mate, what are the chances of a heterozygous child? If a male is homozygous recessive for height (tt) and heterozygous for eye color (Bb), what are the four possible gamete combinations (Bbtt)?

  17. Now it’s your turn! We’ve done it together, now hit it out of the park by yourself. Let me know if you need some help by raising your hand.

  18. Show me what you got! Clear your desk for the Exit Ticket.

  19. Exit Ticket - Genetics

  20. We’re going to switch gears now and IPC it up! Can you flow with me???

  21. Viscosity

  22. Viscosity – rate of flow of a liquid

  23. Viscosity Key Points • Low viscosity = flows fast (water) • High viscosity = flows slowly (honey) • Temperature and Viscosity – Hey hey, inverse relationship!! • temperature, viscosity (car engines & oil) • temperature, viscosity

  24. Viscosity of Honey at different temperatures • Viscosity Honey Video

  25. Buoyancy

  26. Buoyancy Key Points • Why objects float, but not the same as density! • Less dense = more buoyant = FLOAT • More dense = less buoyant = SINK • Buoyant force pushes up on an object while it’s underwater (things feel lighter underwater) • An object will displace a certain amount of water if it floats • Weight of water displaced = mass of object

  27. Buoyancy Video Music Video – Bill Nye

  28. Demo Time!!! Let’s play around with viscosity and buoyancy ourselves!

  29. Viscosity Demo Let’s see which liquids move faster - water - cold honey - room temperature honey - hot honey

  30. Answer these questions on a separate sheet of paper - Viscosity 1. Which temperature of liquid let it flow/penny move fastest? 2. Which temperature flowed most slowly? 3. Write the liquids in order of highest viscosity to lowest viscosity: water, hot honey, room temp honey, cold honey 4. What effect does increasing the temperature have on the viscosity? 5. If you were to repeat this experiment with a liquid like vegetable oil, what would happen to the viscosity of the liquid if it were heated above room temperature?

  31. Buoyancy Demo Will this ball of clay float???

  32. Answer these questions on the same sheet of paper - Buoyancy • What is buoyancy? • When an object is placed in water, the weight of water displaced equals what? • Why did the clay float when it was shaped like a boat but sink when it was shaped like a ball? • If a 50g boat is placed in the water, what is the weight of the water displaced?

  33. Show me what you got! Clear your desks and take out your Exit Ticket sheets.

  34. Exit Ticket • Viscosity is defined as _______________. • Which of these fluids has the highest viscosity? • The results are shown below of an experiment where the flow rate of 5 fluids is determined. Which liquid has the lowest viscosity?

  35. Exit Ticket 4. As temperature increases, viscosity of a fluid: a. Increases b. decreases c. stays the same d. can either increase or decrease depending on the fluid 5. A block of pine (wood) is 2cm x 4cm x 5cm and has a mass of 35g. When it is placed in water, 87.5% of it is submerged. What is the mass of the water it displaced?

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