Prof. Neil Gershenfeld Director cba.mit/~neilg NSF CCR-0122419

1. Prof. Neil Gershenfeld Director http://cba.mit.edu/~neilg NSF CCR-0122419

2. Proposal

3. Cynthia Breazeal (MAS) Bill Butera (MAS) Isaac Chuang (MAS, Physics) Drew Endy (Bio.) Neil Gershenfeld (MAS) Kim Hamad-Schifferli (Mech. E.) Joseph Jacobson (MAS) Tom Knight (CSAIL) Seth Lloyd (Mech. E.) Scott Manalis (MAS, Bio. E.) Bakhtiar Mikhak (MAS) Joe Paradiso (MAS) Pablo Parrilo (EECS) Sandy Pentland (MAS) Mitchel Resnick (MAS) Rahul Sarpeshkar (EECS, RLE) Larry Sass (Arch.) Sebastian Seung (BCS, Physics) Peter Shor (Math) Alex Slocum (Mech. E.) Karen Sollins (EECS, LCS) Timothy M. Swager (Chem.) Shuguang Zhang (Bio. E.) Ruzena Bajcsy Charles Bennett Barrie Gilbert Alan Huang Nathan Myhrvold Greg Papadopoulos John Doyle CBA People Sherry Lassiter Susan Murphy-Bottari John Difrancesco Mike Houlihan

4. Year 0 systems substrates foundations

5. Year 1 RF biology personal fabrication quantum computing analog logic silicon biology nanogate sensate surfaces adaptive robotics shape grammar paintable computing

6. Year 2 RF biology personal fabrication quantum computing it from bit:how can functional description be embodied in physical form? analog logic silicon biology nanogate bit from it:how can functional description be abstracted from physical form? sensate surfaces adaptive robotics shape grammar paintable computing

7. Year 3 it from bit:how can functional description be embodied in physical form? building with logic bit from it:how can functional description be abstracted from physical form? programming with math

8. (Saul Griffith) Logical Assembly

9. 1940s: Communications (Shannon) errors noise Thresholds 1950s: Computation (Winograd, von Neumann) 2000s: Fabrication

11. fm xj xi fn Analog Logic (Ben Vigoda, Andi Loeliger, ...)

12. Programming Distributed Systems problem algorithm program executable protocol messages dynamics

13. Graphical Message-Passing problem algorithm program executable protocol messages dynamics

14. KLM NLL

15. IP to leaf nodes • peers don’t need server • physical identity • compiled standards • open standards • big bits • end to end modulation Internet 0 (I0) (Raffi Krikorian, Danny Cohen, Doug Johnson) IRRFpowerline multidropRFID bar codes mag stripe telephone telegraph IRDA Bluetooth Homeplug RS-485 EPC UPC ANSI/ISO V.92 Morse Code interdevice internetworking 3x108 m/s / 100 m = 3x106 s-1

16. CBACourses • MAS.862: The Physics of Information Technology • MAS.863: How To Make (Almost) Anything • MAS.864: The Nature of Mathematical Modeling • MAS.961: How To Make Something That Makes (almost) Anything • 6.151: Semiconductor Devices Project Laboratory • 6.971: Engineering Simple Biological Systems • 7.86, BE.481, MAS.866: Fundamental limits of biological measurement • 8.371J, MAS.865J: Quantum Information Science • BE.442: Molecular Structure of Biological Materials Maguire Vigoda Cambridge Series on Information and the Natural Sciences

17. Graduate Study inDesign and the Natural Sciences Design and the Natural Sciences is a graduate academic program asking how the resources of natural systems can be used to embody functional designs in physical forms, and conversely how functional descriptions can be abstracted from physical forms. It provides training in the interdisciplinary research areas associated with MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms (CBA), bringing together faculty from across campus in departments including Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Computer Science, and Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, all working at the interface between logical and physical representations of information. DNS is part of the Media Arts and Sciences (MAS) program, which provides a broader context for studying the social as well as intellectual impact of emerging technologies on human expression. DNS teaches design practice in science, rather than scientific practice in design. Herbert Simon first articulated the goal of a "science of design", in The Sciences of the Artificial. This program sought to create desired artificial systems rather then describe existing natural ones, and was realized in the development of CAD and machine optimization, Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life, and ultimately virtual digital worlds. The Sciences of the Artificial was itself a response to the growing dominance of physical science in engineering. The success of science in World War II, including the connection between particle physics and nuclear weapons, and between microwave spectroscopies and radar, was followed by the growth of engineering as a scientific rather than empirical discipline. A scientific approach to design was seen as being needed to counter the rise of experimental studies in new areas such as condensed matter physics, which emphasized observation over problem-solving skills. This split between description and prescription can be traced still further back, to the emergence of the modern notion of literacy in the Renaissance as a mastery of the available means of expression. This comprised the language and rhetoric of the Trivium, and the natural science of the Quadrivium; practical concerns of making things were relegated to the "illiberal arts" as a commerical concern. DNS seeks to correct this accumulated historical division between the artificial and natural. Abstractions that isolate the process of design from underlying physical degrees of freedom are increasingly unsustainable, driven by the demands of fundamental physical scaling limits as well as:

18. in out Fabrication m mm μm nm

19. How To Make(almost) Anything

20. Boston Fab Labs space (m), time (s) fabrication, instrumentation divides India Ghana, Costa Rica, ... Norway electronics 3D scan/mill PCB, electromagnetics analytical instrumentation