International and Modern Style Criticism

1. Pharos University Of AlexandriaFaculty Of EngineeringArchitectural Department History and Theories of Arch. AE-135 Presented to : Dr.GhadaRagheb Presented By : Nour– Abdelrhman- Nermeen– Rawan - Rafey International and Modern Style Criticism Between AAST and Yale School of Architecture

2. Contents • 1- Design intentions. • 2- Building analysis. • 2.1-Exterior • - Building Relationships with: • - Site • - The next • - Entrances & Exits • - The earth • Sky line • - External formation • - External materials • 2.2-Interior • - Internal elements • - Approach • - Plan Analysis • - Circulation • - Orientation • Internal materials • Lighting

3. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST • Location : • Academy bahria Street. • Abo Keer. • Alexandria – Egypt. • Style : International style. • The building is as same style of the rest of the university building. • It is considered as a start point of a chain of educational buildings . • History : • Constructed: 1970 • After the decision of the Arab league council NO. 2361 / 1970. • Academy began to work in 1972 in a temporary place in Alexandria. • Design Intentions : • There are 6 buildings for the faculty of engineering • Architecture Engineering. • Construction Engineering. • Electronics Engineering. • Computer Engineering. • Electrical Engineering. • Mechanical Engineering. Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

4. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST Building Analysis Exterior • -Building relationship with the site: • Narrow walkways and pedestrian ways in comparison with space of green area near the walk ways • Using a land mark near the buildings to make the use clear • As shown in the site all the building of faculties a view an a playgrounds. • In front of the building is the planetarium. Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

5. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST • -Building relationship with the next : • Stable masses movement , unity in style and materials , no specific mark to show which building is for which faculty . • Construction engineering department from the right and GamalMokhtar hall from the left. • Concrete & Glass use in the façade of the building • All the buildings have a same style. Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

6. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST • -Building relation with entrances and exits : • Arrangement of huge green areas decreases the entrance importance • Low use of emphasizing the building approach • Design the entrance at oblique angle despite the existences of columns an the straight lines make a clear entrance • Design the pattern of the entrance at the same oblique. Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

7. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

8. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST • -Building Relationships with the earth, sky line: • The building consists of 4 Floors • Clear sky line because the same heights Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

9. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST • -External formation : • Horizontal openings & an a module • Same definite shape gives a sense of boredom • Symmetrical shape • Balanced masses • Straight sky line (weak) • The building connected to the other building by a move battery (Stairs & Elevations) • Use the concrete in façade as international style Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

10. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST • -Building compatibility with the External environment : • View: northern elevation view playground • on the view of the sea. Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

11. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST • Interior: • Doctors & studios rooms open on the court. • Clear entrance in the ground floor only for exhibition hall conference & Architecture library. • Fresh air: use inner court along the building to natural ventilation. Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

12. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST Drawings Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

13. International Style Arab Academy for Technology and Science - AAST • Criticize .. What Do You Think ? Alexandria, Egypt Arab Academy for Science and Technology

14. Modernism Yale School of Architecture Location : New Haven - USA • Style : Modern • Brutalist-style façade of hammered concrete aggregate, • Architect: Paul Rudolph • Completed: 1959 - 1963 • Renovation Architect: Charles Gwathmey • Renovation: 2008 • It is considered one of his most important works and was recently completely renovated and expanded, restoring the structure to its original 1963 intention and providing space for the History of Art department • Gross floor area : 34,750m² New Haven, USA Yale School of Architecture

15. Design Intentions The Creator's Words "External forces dictated that this building turn the corner and relate to the modern building opposite as well as suggest that it belongs to Yale University. The internal forces demanded an environment suitable for ever varying activities which will be given form and coherence by the defined spaces within. As the years go by, it is hoped other interests and activities will take place within the spaces, but the space itself will remain."— Paul Rudolph. The Architecture of Paul Rudolph. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970. p120.

16. Building analysis Exterior: • -Building relationship with the site: • Yale University decided to undertake the exterior and interior renovation of the structure New Haven, USA Yale School of Architecture

17. Building analysis Exterior: • -Building relationship with the next: • Rationalism in structure, unity in style and materials New Haven, USA Yale School of Architecture

18. Building analysis Exterior: • -Building relation with entrances and exits: • - The building located directly at the street no prelude to the building – the sense of powerful – the roughness – the neatness • Low use of emphasizing the building approach New Haven, USA Yale School of Architecture

19. Building analysis Sky Line

20. External formation: Vertical and Horizontal openings sky line (strong) Rugged cuboid forms

21. Building analysis Includes 37 level changes and numerous spatial devices to allow views and light through the building into the various studio and gallery spaces

22. Building analysis Interior: Use of lively colors— mainly orange—and cleverly built-in furnishings enhance the architecture, which is intended 'to excite and challenge the occupants.

23. Building analysis Interior: A central core space defined by four large concrete slab columns (similar to the external towers )

24. Building analysis Interior: Dramatic entrance to the building is up a narrow flight of steps that penetrate deeply into the mass of the main volume

25. Building analysis The method and drama of natural lighting Circulation

26. Criticism that he put the areas he cared least about in the basement; that the painters are very disturbed by south light; that the sculptors are in the low-ceiling 'caves'; that the best spaces are reserved for architectural activity.

27. Internal and External materials: Concrete edges hand-hammered to expose the aggregate it controls staining and minimizes the effect of discoloration inherent in concrete

28. A New Home for the Arts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeySbuVIjJ8

29. References http://www.buildings.yale.edu/property.aspx?id=25 http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Art_and_Arch_Building.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Art_and_Architecture_Building http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/98_02/AA.html http://www.aast.edu/en/index.php

30. Thank You