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Section 6.3 : Kingdom Animalia pg. 182-197

Section 6.3 : Kingdom Animalia pg. 182-197. Part 1 : Invertebrates. Animal Kingdom. Includes the very small to the very large organisms on Earth. Animals: a re multicellular eukaryotes a re heterotrophic r eproduce sexually. Animal Characteristics. These are used to classify

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Section 6.3 : Kingdom Animalia pg. 182-197

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  1. Section 6.3:Kingdom Animaliapg. 182-197

  2. Part 1:Invertebrates

  3. Animal Kingdom • Includes the very small to the very large organisms on Earth. • Animals: • are multicellular eukaryotes • are heterotrophic • reproduce sexually

  4. Animal Characteristics These are used to classify animals into different phyla: • The number of Germ Layers • “germ” = cells in early stages • Most have 3 layers: ectoderm (outer), endoderm (inner) & mesoderm (middle)

  5. Digestive Tract • Most animals use extracellular digestion • Incomplete digestive tract : only one opening (food & wastes use the same opening) • Complete digestive tract : separate openings for food & wastes.

  6. Body Symmetry • Asymmetrical Body: irregular shape (i.e. sponges, who are the simplest animals) • Symmetrical Body : most animals are balanced in their shape

  7. Symmetry There are 2 types of symmetry • Radial (Fig. 6.17a, pg. 185) • Bilateral (Fig. 6.17b, pg. 185)

  8. Development of a Coelom • Coelom= a fluid-filled body cavity • The presence of a coelom allows for the development of more complex organ systems. • Animals with a coelom = coelomates • Animals without a coelom = acoelomates

  9. Reproduction • All animals reproduce sexually • Some also reproduce asexually • Some arehermaphrodites = have both male & female reproductive organs

  10. Invertebrates(95% of Animal Kingdom) • Examples include: (see Table 6.2, pages 183-184) • sponges • sea anemones • jellyfish • coral • planarians • tapeworms • leech • slug • clam • octopus • starfish • sand dollars, etc.

  11. Invertebrate Characteristics • Lack of internal structures • Reproduction includes sexual & asexual • Some are coelomate (i.e. earthworm) & some are acoelomate (i.e. flatworm)

  12. Invertebrate Characteristics • Can have asymmetrical (i.e. sponges), radial (i.e. jellyfish) or bilateral body forms (i.e. earthworm).

  13. There are over 30 phyla of invertebrates, but we will look at the major eight.

  14. 8 Phyla of Invertebrates • Porifera • Cnidaria • Platyhelminthes • Nematoda • Annelida • Mollusca • Echinodermata • Arthropoda

  15. Phylum Porifera • Means “pore-bearing” • Example: Sponges

  16. Phylum Cnidaria • Means “thistle” • Examples: Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, hydras

  17. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Means “flat, wide worms” • Examples: Tapeworms, flukes, planarians

  18. Phylum Nematoda • Means “thread-like” • Examples: Pinworms, hookworms

  19. Phylum Annelida • Means “ring” • Examples: Earthworms, leeches, tubeworms

  20. Phylum Mollusca • Means “soft-bodied” • Examples: clams, oysters, squids, octopi, snails, slugs, scallops

  21. Phylum Echinodermata • Means “spiny-skinned” • Examples: starfish, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, sea urchins

  22. Phylum Arthropoda • The MOST successful phylum!! • Over 1 million species have been identified. • Very diverse – some live at the bottom of the ocean, and some float in the air.

  23. Examples of Arthropods • Include: • Insects • Spiders • Shrimp • Barnacles • Lobster • Scorpions

  24. Arthropods… • have jointed appendages • have bilateral symmetry • have a coelom • have a “tube within a tube” digestive system • reproduce sexually

  25. Why are Arthropods So Successful? • Exoskeleton: • a rigid, jointed external skeleton • is waterproof and protects against water loss • they must shed their exoskeleton in order to grow.

  26. Other Reasons Why They Are Successful… • The nature of their body segments & attached appendages. • Their well-developed nervous system. • Their structures & functions related to feeding themselves.

  27. Insects • The most successful species on Earth. • But Why??? • They have many adaptations for feeding. • Most are small in size, allowing them to hide. • They move quickly and many have wings.

  28. Insect Mimicry • Some insects have an adaptation called mimicry. • Mimicry: the ability to look like something else.

  29. Two Short Videos • Insect Mimicry • Phylum Arthropoda “How Stuff Works”

  30. Section 6.3: Part 1Review Activities • Do the “Survey of Invertebrates” handout. • Go to lab to do the Investigation 6C on pages 188-189.

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