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MICROBES

MICROBES. THE MIGHTY MICROBES: BACTERIA, VIRUSES, PROTOZOANS, AND FUNGI. CELLS 101. BASIC UNIT OF LIFE COMPLETE SET OF GENES DNA INSTRUCTIONS ABILITY TO REPRODUCE ITSELF CELL DIVISION REPLICATE DNA ABILITY TO METABOLIZE ENERGY MATTER. CELLS 101 continued. GENERAL TYPES OF CELLS

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MICROBES

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  1. MICROBES THE MIGHTY MICROBES: BACTERIA, VIRUSES, PROTOZOANS, AND FUNGI

  2. CELLS 101 • BASIC UNIT OF LIFE • COMPLETE SET OF GENES • DNA • INSTRUCTIONS • ABILITY TO REPRODUCE ITSELF • CELL DIVISION • REPLICATE DNA • ABILITY TO METABOLIZE • ENERGY • MATTER

  3. CELLS 101 continued • GENERAL TYPES OF CELLS • PROKARYOTIC CELLS • SMALL, SIMPLE • NO MEMBRANE-BOUND NUCLEUS • NO MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES • “BACTERIA” • EUKARYOTIC CELLS • LARGER, MORE COMPLEX • MEMBRANE-BOUND NUCLEUS PRESENT • MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES PRESENT • “PLANT” CELLS / “ANIMAL” CELLS

  4. CELLS 101 continued • COMMON CELL STRUCTURES • CELL MEMBRANE • CYTOPLASM • DNA • RIBOSOMES • CELL WALL

  5. WHO ARE THE MICROBES? • CHARACTERISTICS • MICROSCOPIC • SINGLE-CELLED (MULTI-CELLED) • IDENTITY • BACTERIA • VIRUSES ??? • PROTOZOANS • FUNGI (SOME)

  6. HOW BIG ARE THE MICROBES? • VIRUS (HIV) 0.1 micrometer • BACTERIUM (E. coli) 1 micrometer • PROTOZOAN (Paramecium) 100 micrometers • FUNGUS (yeast) 4 micrometers HIV = pea E.Coli = marble YEAST = golf ball PROTOZOAN = basketball

  7. HOW ARE THE MICROBES STUDIED? • MICROSCOPES • LIGHT MICROSCOPES (1000X) • ELECTRON MICROSCOPES (1,000,000X) • CULTURING • GROWTH/ NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS • BIOCHEMICAL TESTS • SUBSTANCES MADE/USED • GENES/GENE PRODUCTS

  8. WHY ARE THE MICROBES IMPORTANT? • MEMBERS OF THEIR NATURAL ECOSYSTEM • INTERACTIONS WITH EACH OTHER • INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SPECIES • INTERACTIONS WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT • POSITIVE IMPACTS • NEGATIVE IMPACTS • HUMAN RELEVANCE

  9. BACTERIA I • SINGLE-CELLED • REPRODUCE BY BINARY FISSION; RAPID GROWERS • CELL FEATURES (PROKARYOTIC) • SMALL • SIMPLE • NO NUCLEUS/ NO ORGANELLES • CELL WALL

  10. BACTERIA II • IMPACT/IMPORTANCE • POSITIVE IMPACT • DECOMPOSITION • NUTRIENT RECYCLING • POLLUTION CLEAN-UP (BIOREMEDIATION) • HUMAN INTESTINAL FLORA • NEGATIVE IMPACT • FOOD SPOILAGE • DISEASE-CAUSING AGENTS (PATHOGENS) • PLANTS (CROPS) • ANIMALS (HUMANS TOO!)

  11. BACTERIA III • EXAMPLES • E. coli (Escherichia coli) • HUMAN INTESTINAL FLORA • CAN CAUSE DISEASE • Yersiniapestis • BLACK PLAGUE • FLEAS / RATS • Streptococcus species • STREP THROAT • PNEUMONIA

  12. VIRUSES I • NON-CELLULAR (“PARTICLES”) • NON-LIVING • NON-CELLULAR • NO METABOLISM • DO NOT RESPOND • DO NOT REPRODUCE ON THEIR OWN • FEATURES • SIZE • STRUCTURE • PROTEIN COAT • DNA OR RNA

  13. VIRUSES II • IMPACT/IMPORTANCE • POSITIVE IMPACT • GENETIC ENGINEERING • STUDY ORGANISM • TOOL FOR MOVING GENES • NEGATIVE IMPACT • DISEASE • PLANTS (CROPS) • ANIMALS (HUMANS TOO!)

  14. VIRUSES III • EXAMPLES • HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) • BACTERIOPHAGE • RHINOVIRUS

  15. PROTOZOANS I • SINGLE-CELLED • MOTILE • CILIA • FLAGELLA • PSEUDOPODIA • REPRODUCE BY CELL DIVISION • FOUND IN WET ENVIRONMENTS • CELL FEATURES (EUKARYOTIC) • LARGER (COMPARED TO BACTERIA) • MORE COMPLEX (COMPARED TO BACTERIA) • NUCLEI • ORGANELLES

  16. PROTOZOANS II • IMPACT/IMPORTANCE • POSITIVE IMPACT • LINK IN FOOD CHAIN • SYMBIOTIC PARTNERS IN THE STOMACHS OF COWS OR THE GUTS OF TERMITES • NEGATIVE IMPACT • DISEASE • ANIMALS • ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS • PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING • RED TIDES, FISHKILLS

  17. PROTOZOANS III • EXAMPLES • PARAMECIUM • AMEBA • GIARDIA • TRYPANOSOMA • MALARIA

  18. FUNGI I • SINGLE-CELLED / MULTICELLED (FILAMENTOUS) • REPRODUCE • BY SPORES • CELL FEATURES (EUKARYOTIC) • LARGER • MORE COMPLEX • NUCLEI • ORGANELLES

  19. FUNGI II • IMPACT/IMPORTANCE • POSITIVE IMPACT • DECOMPOSITION & NUTRIENT RECYCLING • FOOD INDUSTRY • SOURCE OF ANTIBIOTICS • MYCORRHIZAE (ASSOCIATION WITH PLANT ROOTS) • NEGATIVE IMPACT • DISEASE • PLANTS (CROPS) • ANIMALS (HUMANS TOO!)

  20. FUNGI III • EXAMPLES • MOLDS/MILDEWS • YEASTS • ATHLETE’S FOOT • MYCORRHIZAE

  21. CONTACT INFORMATION MARK KNAUSS Georgia Highlands College 706-368-7535 mknauss@highlands.edu ANDREW DAWSON Georgia Highlands College 706-368-7796 adawson@highlands.edu

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