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Fuel Flammability - Combustion Sphere Testing

Fuel Flammability - Combustion Sphere Testing. Steve Summer Project Engineer Federal Aviation Administration Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440. International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Grenoble, France June 21-22, 2004. Background.

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Fuel Flammability - Combustion Sphere Testing

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  1. Fuel Flammability - Combustion Sphere Testing Steve Summer Project Engineer Federal Aviation Administration Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Grenoble, France June 21-22, 2004 IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  2. Background • Our current method for ignition testing of Jet-A fuel vapors is extremely time consuming (up to as long as 2 hours per test). • If a gaseous mixture was available to simulate the flammability properties of Jet A, it would allow us to perform more tests quicker. IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  3. Background • Availability of said mixture would also have applicability to other issues (e.g. explosion proof testing of pumps, etc.) • Past simulants used by others include hexane and a hydrogen-propane mixture, but questions exist as to their applicability to testing at reduced pressures IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  4. Past Simulants - Hexane IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  5. Past Simulants – Caltech Mixture • NTSB Docket No. SA-516, Exhibit No. 20O • Volumetric Ratio of H2:C3H8 of 5:1 • Examined the effect of fuel concentration, vessel size and ignition source on pressure history. IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  6. Past Simulants – Caltech Mixture IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  7. Test Apparatus • 20 L combustion vessel constructed with an adjustable spark gap and the ability to utilize various spark/arc sources. • Tests conducted in a manner similar to the procedures layed out in ASTM flammability standards (e.g. E582, E2079, etc). • First round of testing to be conducted with propane • Validation of LFL, UFL and LOC to ensure test article provides accurate results IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  8. Test Apparatus IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  9. Propane Test Results IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  10. Propane Test Results IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

  11. Future Testing • Next phase of testing to be conducted with hexane both at sea level and reduced pressures • Will compare results to the Jet A test results previously acquired to determine its validity as a simulant at reduced pressures • Once a suitable simulant is determined (hexane or otherwise), the goal is to generate full flammability curve data at various pressures, O2 concentrations and ignition energies IASFPWG – Grenoble, France

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