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Module 34 Anxiety, Dissociative, and Personality Disorders James A. McCubbin, PhD

Module 34 Anxiety, Dissociative, and Personality Disorders James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Linda Zimmerman Oakton Community College. Anxiety Disorders. Common and uncommon fears. Anxiety . Some anxiety is necessary to keep us safe to keep us motivated

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Module 34 Anxiety, Dissociative, and Personality Disorders James A. McCubbin, PhD

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  1. Module 34 Anxiety, Dissociative, and Personality Disorders James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Linda Zimmerman Oakton Community College

  2. Anxiety Disorders • Common and uncommon fears

  3. Anxiety • Some anxiety is necessary • to keep us safe • to keep us motivated • Genes determine our sensitivity • Serotonin transporter works on synapse • We do fine unless great stress occurs

  4. Anxiety Disorders • Anxiety Disorders • distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

  5. Anxiety Disorders • Most common psychiatric disorder in U.S. • Almost 90% of people with anxiety also have depression. • The connection between the amygdala and hypothalamus can create body stress reactions. • The prefrontal cortex should shut down with inappropriate anxiety, but during anxiety it does not. • Some current research found elevated levels of the hormone, norepinephrine.

  6. Anxiety: Our 10 Greatest Fears Men’s top three: Buried alive Heights Snakes Women’s top three: Snakes Being tied up Buried alive Men and Women • Snakes • Being buried alive • Heights • Being tied up • Drowning • public speaking • Hell • Cancer • Tornadoes/hurricanes • Fire

  7. Mental Disorders - Anxiety 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2. Panic Disorder 3. Phobias 4. Social Anxiety Disorder 5. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 6. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Activity: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale

  8. Anxiety Disorders 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • person is tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

  9. Anxiety Disorders 2. Panic Disorder • marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences • terror and accompanying chest pain • choking • other frightening sensations

  10. Anxiety Disorders 3. Phobias • persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation Help! Keep that bird away from me!

  11. Acrophobia: Heights Ophidiophobia: Snakes Aerophobia: Flying Arachnophobia: Spiders Ornithophobia: Birds Agoraphobia: Open spaces Astraphobia: Lightning Mikrophobia: Germs Phonophobia: Speaking aloud Brontophobia: Thunder Trichophobia: Hair Anthropophobia: People 3. Phobias – Fear of…

  12. Gephyrophobia: Bridges Herpetophobia: Reptiles Ailurophobia: Cats Murophobia: Mice Pyrophobia: Fire Claustrophobia: Closed spaces Numerophobia: Numbers Thanatophobia: Death Anthophobia: Flowers Cynophobia: Dogs Nyctophobia: Darkness Aquaphobia: Water 3. Phobias – Fear of…

  13. Anxiety Disorders 4. Social Anxiety Disorder • Sometimes called Social Phobia • characterized by intense fear in social situations • causes considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life • persistent, intense, chronic fear of being judged and of being embarrassed or humiliated • perceived or actual scrutiny from others

  14. Anxiety Disorders 5. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) I need to wash my hands – again!

  15. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • OCD – As Good as it Gets: Jack Nicholson • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wM_W8OcExo&NR=1 • http://www.vh1.com/video/misc/503670/the-ocd-project-supertrailer.jhtml

  16. Anxiety Disorders- OCD

  17. Anxiety Disorders - OCD • PET Scan of brain of person with Obsessive/ Compulsive disorder • High metabolic activity (red) in frontal lobe areas involved with directing attention

  18. Anxiety Therapy • Exercise • Meditation • Sleep • Reduce caffeine • Psychotherapy • Behavioral therapy (extinction) • Cognitive therapy (change thinking) • Tranquilizers • New drug, D-cycloserine • increase learning receptors • Virtual reality sessions

  19. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Disorders • conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

  20. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Identity Disorder • rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities • formerly called multiple personality disorder

  21. Personality Disorders • Personality Disorders • disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning • usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions

  22. Personality Disorders • Antisocial Personality Disorder • disorder in which the person (usually man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members • may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

  23. Murderer Normal Personality DisordersAntisocial Personality Disorder • PET scans illustrate reduced activation in a murderer’s frontal cortex

  24. Personality Disorders • Anti-social • Narcissistic • Borderline

  25. Personality disorders • Unusual or odd • Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal • Dramatic • Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic • Anxious • Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive • Not Specified • Depressive, Passive-aggressive, sadistic, self-defeating

  26. Anti-Social Personality Disorder • A person manipulates, exploits, or violates the rights of others • behavior is often criminal Observable Behavior: Breaks the law repeatedly Lies, steals, and fights often Disregards the safety of self and others Does not show any guilt

  27. Narcissistic Personality Disorder • It’s all about ME! • An inflated sense of self-importance and an extreme preoccupation withone's self.

  28. Borderline Personality Disorder • impulsive actions • unstable mood • chaotic relationships. • avoid abandonment • Swing from love to hate and back • Difficulty in retain relationships in all settings – home, school, work, personal life.

  29. Mood Disorders-Depression • Boys who were later convicted of a crime showed relatively low arousal

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