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Structure of Flowering Plants

Structure of Flowering Plants. You need to know details on…. 1. Structure & function of root and shoot systems. 2. Root zonations and all outer stem parts. 3. Meristem function / location in root & shoot. 4. Location of 3 tissue types in transverse and long sections of root and stem.

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Structure of Flowering Plants

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  1. Structure of Flowering Plants

  2. You need to know details on… 1. Structure & function of root and shoot systems 2. Root zonations and all outer stem parts 3. Meristem function / location in root & shoot 4. Location of 3 tissue types in transverse and long sections of root and stem 5. Xylem & Phloem structure and function 6. Distinguish between Monocots and Dicots 7. Mandatory Activity….TS Dicot stem

  3. What Flowering Plant typically have 1. Transport (Vascular) Structures 2. Roots 3. Stems 4. Leafs 5. Flowers 6. Fruits & Seeds

  4. Plants are divided into two portions Over ground shoot system Under ground root system

  5. Meristem An area of active cell division Apical meristems are found at the tip of the shoot and tip of the root and give an increase in length Lateral meristems are found around the edges of some plants and give an ìncrease in width

  6. Root Functions Anchor Absorb Water Absorb minerals Transport absorbed materials to shoot Store food

  7. Two Root Types 1. Tap Roots One main root growingfrom the radicle eg Carrot 2. Fibrous Roots Many equal sized roots arising from stem base eg grass

  8. Four Root Zones Differentiation Zone Elongation Zone Meristematic Zone Protection Zone

  9. Root Zones Differentiation Zone Here cells develop into 3 different types of tissue 1. Dermal tissue 2. Ground Tissue 3. Vascular tissue

  10. Root Zones Elongation Zone Here cells increase in size

  11. Root Zones Meristematic Zone Here new cells are produced by mitosis divisions

  12. Root Zones Potection Zone A root cap protects the cells as the root pushes through the soil

  13. Learning Check 1 1. Name the two types of root system 2. Explain the term Meristem 3. Name the four zones in a root 4. What is the function of the root cap ?

  14. Tissue location in the root (transverse section) Dermal Tissue Xylem Vascular Tissue Phloem Ground Tissue

  15. Tissue location in the root(transverse section) Dermal Tissue Xylem Vascular Tissue Phloem Ground Tissue

  16. Tissue location in the root(transverse section)(Center part of root) Xylem Vascular Tissue Phloem Ground Tissue

  17. Tissue location in the root (Longitudinal section) Dermal Tissue Ground Tissue Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue Dermal Tissue

  18. Stem Functions 1. Support the arial parts of the plant 2. Transport water and minerals from roots to leafs 3. Transport food from leafs to roots 4. Sometimes store food

  19. Function of outer stem parts Terminal Bud Increase stem length Lateral Bud Grow side branches Lenticels Gas exchange

  20. A= Terminal Bud B= Leaf Scar Year3 C= Scale Scar Year2 D= Lateral Bud Year1 Lenticels

  21. Tissue location in stem(Transverse section) Dermal Tissue Xylem Vascular Tissue Phloem Ground Tissue

  22. Tissue location in stem( Longitudinal section) Dermal Ground Vascular Ground Vascular Ground Dermal

  23. Learning Check 2 ….. Label the diagram

  24. Leaf parts Some leaves do not have a petiole(They are called sessile leaves) Veins contain the vascular tissue

  25. Leaf Functions 1. Photosynthesis 2. Transpiration 3. Gas exchange 4. Sometimes store food

  26. Tissue Location in the Leaf Dermal Tissue Ground Tissue Vascular Tissue Dermal Tissue

  27. Flower Function Sexual Reproduction

  28. Transport water • Transport minerals Transportfood Vascular Tissue 1. Xylem Function 2. Phloem Function

  29. Xylem Structure….Two types of Cell Xylem Tracheids Xylem Vessels On maturity both are dead, hollow and contain no cytoplasm Found in conifers Found in deciduous trees

  30. Xylem Tracheid Structure Long cells tapered at both ends Pits in the walls – allow water andminerals to move sideways from cell to cell Walls thickened with lignin for support

  31. Xylem Vessels Structure Elongated cells Spiral lignin for strength No end walls – form a continuous tube Pits to allow sideways movement of water

  32. 1. Sieve tube cells 2 Companion Cells Phloem Structure Mature cells have no nucleus Sieve plates Nucleus controls activities ofboth companion and sieve tube cell Cytoplasm extendsfrom cell to cell through thesieve plate

  33. Phloem Longitudinal and Transverse sections

  34. Example of Monocot and Dicot Dicot Monocot Buttercup Grass

  35. Differences between Monocots & Dicots

  36. Identification of Monocots & Dicots

  37. Learning Check 3 1. State two functions of a leaf 2. Distinguish between xylem vessels and xylem tracheids 3. What is the role of the companion cell in phloem tissue 4. How is a transverse section of a monocot stem different to the TS od a Dicot stem ?

  38. End

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