Computer-Human Interaction

1. Computer-Human Interaction Paul Logasa Bogen II April 1, 2005

2. Overview A (Computer Science) Workout A Brief History What is CHI? Major Areas of Study Psychopathology Usability Collaboration Ubiquitous Computing Document Engineering User Interfaces Hypertext Digital Libraries Unique Challenges Issues and Resolution

3. A (Computer Science) Workout STAND UP! How many of you have… …been unable to accomplish a goal using software? …became confused in the operation of software? …seen an error message you did not understand? …could not remember where a certain feature in a piece of software was located? …misplaced, overwrote, or accidentally lost a file? …tried to push a door when you should have pulled? Everyone sitting could benefit by CHI!

4. A Brief History (1/3) 1948 - Vannevar Bush. “As We May Think” Computer as Information Appliance Collaboration between Users 1960 - J.C.R. Licklider. “Man-Computer Symbiosis” Multi-User Systems (Time-Sharing) Electronic I/O Real-Time Interaction Natrual Language understanding Handwriting and Speech Recognition

5. A Brief History (2/3) 1963 – Sutherland “Sketchpad” Hierarchial structures Object-Orientated Programming Icons Light Pens on Vector Display 1964 – Engelbart AFIP Fall Joint Conference Mouse and Chord-board Word Processing Outline Processing Hypermedia Collaboration

6. A Brief History (3/3) 1977 – Alan Kay “Personal Dynamic Media “ Personal Computers Laptops Computers for children Musical Composition Home Computing 1981 – Jeff Johnson “The Xerox Star: A Retrospective” Desktop Metaphor WYSIWYG

7. What is CHI? Computer-Human or Human-Computer? “Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers.” – Wikipedia [http://www.wikipedia.com] User-Centered Interdisciplinary Social and Cognitive Psychology Graphic Design and Aesthetics Information Science Sociology and Anthropology Human-Computer-Human?

8. Psychopathology Don Norman “Psychology of Everyday Things” Later “Design of Everyday Things” System Model versus User Model Affordances Visibility Mapping

9. Usability User-Centered Design Prototyping User Studies Ethnography Controlled Experiments Surveys Expert Evaluation Software Engineering

10. Collaboration Allowing users to work together from different places. Sharing electronic workspaces Communication breakdowns Examples: Air Traffic Control Groupware Instant Messaging

11. Ubiquitous Computing When Computing blends into your environment. Molding computing to support human activities, not molding humans to support computer activities. Augmented Reality as opposed to Virtual Reality. Examples: Smart-Appliances Automobiles

12. Document Engineering Questions Asked: What is a Document? How do people use Documents? How can we better create Documents? How can we better maintain Documents? Examples: Rational Rose Suite [http://www.rational.com] context-aware Trellis [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/caT/]

13. User Interfaces Human-Computer Interfaces Not Just Keyboard + Mouse + Screen Haptics, Speech Recognition, Heads Up Displays, Touch Screens, Gestures New ways to display information Fisheye Views, Information Filtering, Large Public Displays, Liveboards Augmented Reality “Wacky Hardware” "Killer App" of Wearable Computing: Wireless Force Sensing Body Protectors for Martial Arts. Ed H. Chi (PARC / Stanford Taekwondo Program), Jin Song, and Greg Corbin (Impact Measurement) – UIST 2004

14. Hypertext Non-linear Writing Objects are not inheriently sequential Sequence defined by reader not writer Objects are connected by links to other Objects The sequence of links creates a path Extended to Hypermedia Examples: World Wide Web [http://www.w3c.org] Afternoon [http://www.eastgate.com/catalog/Afternoon.html] Project Xanadu [http://www.xanadu.com/]

15. Digital Libraries Questions Asked: What is a collection? How do we find information? How do we help people use information? How do we handle change? Examples: Picasso Project [http://www.tamu.edu/mocl/picasso/] Walden’s Paths [http://waldens.csdl.tamu.edu] Google [http://www.google.com]

16. Unique Challenges Games Easy to Play Quick to Reward Slow to Finish Hard to Win Public Usage Computers Short Attention Spans Functionally illiterate users Insulting Experts versus Confusing Novice Users Folk Computing Computing in Rural Area Low Literacy Rates Lack of Experience with Common Metaphors

17. Issues and Resolution Usability is Expensive Cheaper than losing business. Better usable software means less customer support. Usability does not mean full-blown controlled experiments or ethnography. Users have no other choice May only be temporary If software is for business, usable software means higher productivity.

18. Refrences Norman, Don. The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books, 1988. Greenberg, Saul. “History of HCI.” Lecture Notes for Human Computer Interaction I. University of Calgary [http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~saul/hci_topics/topics/history.html] “Human-Computer Interaction.” Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-human_interaction] The ACM Symposium on Document Engineering. [http://www.documentengineering.org/] “FAQ” Eastgate Systems, Inc. [http://www.eastgate.org] UIST2004. [http://www.acm.org/uist/uist2004/]

19. Shameless Plug! Take CPSC 671 – Computer-Human Interaction! Any Questions?