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Understanding Gas Laws: Avogadro's Hypothesis and Test Preparation

This session focuses on Avogadro's Hypothesis, emphasizing that equal volumes of gases contain an equal number of particles. Students will need to review key gas laws, including Boyle's, Charles', Gay-Lussac's, and the Ideal Gas Law. Expect a quiz format with multiple-choice and calculation problems based on recent lab work and class discussions. Homework includes submitting the Gas Baggies Lab abstract by Monday and preparing for the upcoming test on Chapters 10 and 12 this Friday.

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Understanding Gas Laws: Avogadro's Hypothesis and Test Preparation

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  1. Wed, Jan 20, 2010 • Avogadro’s Hypothesis and lab • What to expect on the test • Sample prob and review questions • Homework

  2. Review Day • Turn in Molar Volume of a Gas Lab (if you did not turn it in last week) • Write down the following formulas in your Yellow Packet: Boyle’s Law: P1V1 = P2V2 Charles’ Law: V1 = V2 T1 T2 Gay-Lussac’s Law: P1 = P2 T1 T2 Combined Gas Law: P1V1 = P2V2 Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT T1 T2 R = 8.31 L*kPa/mol*K

  3. Avogadro’s Hypothesis – baggies lab • Equal volumes of gases contain an equal number of particles, but mass varies • When measuring a gas, the ratio of the masses will be equal: Actual mass of N2 molar mass of N2 Actual mass of O2 molar mass of O2 =

  4. What to expect on the test • 10 Multiple Choice • 5 Problems / Calculations Anything covered on the review, in class, in the reading / notes is fair game on the test!

  5. Sample Problem: In lab last week, we collected hydrogen gas through water displacement. This is shown in the following balanced equation: Mg + 2HCl → H2 + MgCl2 a. If 0.0853 g of Mg reacted, how many moles of hydrogen (H2) would be produced? Assume the hydrogen (H2) gas produced is equalized to room pressure which is 87.9 kPa and room temperature which is 25.0˚C. b. Remember that when a gas is collected over water it is mixed with water vapor. Calculate the pressure of just hydrogen (H2) if the vapor pressure of water is 2.95 kPa at 25.0˚C. c. Determine the volume of hydrogen gas that is produced.

  6. Clicker Review • Which of the following represents an inverse relationship? • Pressure vs Temperature • Volume vs Pressure • Volume vs Temperature • Liters vs Moles • Kinetic Energy vs Temperature

  7. Clicker Review • When a substance goes through sublimation, what phase changes are occurring? • Liquid to gas • Gas to liquid • Liquid to solid • Solid to gas • Gas to solid

  8. Clicker Review • Which of the following is NOT true according to the Kinetic Theory? • Particle movement is random • Particle movement is rapid • Particle volume is insignificant as a gas is mostly empty space • Particles lose energy during each collision

  9. Clicker Review • Which of the following gives the correct conditions for STP? • 273K and 760 mmHg • 100oC and 101.3 kPa • 0oC and 1.0 kPa • 0 K and 1.0 atm

  10. Clicker Review • If the temperature of a gas changes from 50 oC to 100oC, what happens to the pressure of the gas? • The pressure decreases by half • The pressure doubles • The pressure does not change • The pressure will triple

  11. Clicker Review • A sample of gas contains 3.00 L of oxygen gas at 53oC. What volume will the gas expand to if the temperature is increased to 252oC? • 14.3 L • 0.631 L • 4.83 L • 1.87 L

  12. Clicker Review • A sample of carbon dioxide has a volume of 5.00L at a temperature of 25.0oC and a pressure of 95.2kPa. Calculate the volume of this gas at STP. • 4.31 L • 51.3 L • 4.70 L • 27.3 L

  13. Clicker Review • Calculate the volume that 14.0 g of N2 gas occupies at a temperature of 22oC and a pressure of 118kPa. • 77.4 L • 21.7 L • 291 L • 10.4 L

  14. Homework: • Moodle lab quiz – closes Mon at 11pm • Complete lab abstract for the Gas Baggies Lab • Upload to Moodle by Monday 2:30pm • Or, print it off and bring in a hard copy • Review – due Friday • Ch 10 and 12 TEST - Friday

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