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Understanding Reflexive Verbs in Spanish: Usage and Examples

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wang-reilly
14 diapositives · 268 Views · Nov 17, 2014

Reflexive verbs in Spanish indicate actions performed by subjects upon themselves, using reflexive pronouns. For instance, "Joaquín se ducha" means "Joaquín showers himself." Unlike English, many Spanish verbs can have reflexive or non-reflexive forms, altering their meaning. For example, "lavar" means "to wash," while "lavarse" means "to wash oneself." Reflexive pronouns often appear before conjugated verbs, but can also be attached to infinitives or present participles, maintaining the original stress with accent marks when needed. This guide explores the complexities of reflexive verbs in Spanish.

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Understanding Reflexive Verbs in Spanish: Usage and Examples
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  1. ANTE TODO • A reflexive verb is used to indicate that the subject does something to or for himself or herself. • In other words, it “reflects” the action of the verb back to the subject. Reflexive verbs always use reflexive pronouns. SUBJECTREFLEXIVE VERB Joaquínse ducha por la mañana.

  2. ¡ATENCIÓN! • Except for se, reflexive pronouns have the same forms as direct and indirect object pronouns. • Se is used for both singular and plural subjects —there is no individual plural form: Pablo se lava. Ellos se lavan.

  3. The pronoun se attached to an infinitive identifies the verb as reflexive: lavarse. • When a reflexive verb is conjugated, the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject. Me afeito. Te despiertas a las siete.

  4. Like object pronouns, reflexive pronouns generally appear before a conjugated verb. • With infinitives and present participles, they may be placed before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive or present participle. Ellos se van a vestir. Ellos van a vestirse. They are going to get dressed. Nos estamos lavando las manos. Estamos lavándonos las manos. We are washing our hands.

  5. ¡ATENCIÓN! • When a reflexive pronoun is attached to a present participle, an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress: bañando bañándose afeitando afeitándose

  6. Common reflexive verbs

  7. Common reflexive verbs

  8. Common reflexive verbs

  9. COMPARE & CONTRAST • Unlike English, a number of verbs in Spanish can be reflexive or non-reflexive. If the verb acts upon the subject, the reflexive form is used. If the verb acts upon something other than the subject, the non-reflexive form is used. Compare these sentences. Lola lava los platos.Lola se lava la cara. • As the preceding sentences show, reflexive verbs sometimes have different meanings than their non-reflexive counterparts. For example, lavar means to wash, while lavarse means to wash oneself, to wash up.

  10. ¡ATENCIÓN! • Because you learned how to form the preterite of non-reflexive regular verbs in Estructura 6.3, you also know how to form the preterite of the common reflexive verbs in the list, with the exception of the stem-changing –ir verbs, irse, and ponerse. • You will learn more preterite forms such as those of the verb ir (Estructura7.3), stem-changing –ir verbs (Estructura8.1), and poner (Estructura 9.1).

  11. ¡ATENCIÓN! • Parts of the body or clothing are generally not referred to with possessives, but with the definite article. La niña se quitó los zapatos. Necesito cepillarme los dientes.

  12. ¡INTÉNTALO! Indica el presente de los verbos reflexivos que siguen. despertarse 1. Mis hermanos ____ tarde. 2. Tú ____ tarde. 3. Nosotros ____ tarde. 4. Benito ____ tarde. 5. Yo ____ tarde. 6. Ustedes ____ tarde. 7. Ella ____ tarde. 8. Adriana y yo ____ tarde. 9. Ellos ____ tarde. 1 of 2

  13. ¡INTÉNTALO!Indica el presente de los verbos reflexivos que siguen. ponerse 1. Él ____ una chaqueta. 2. Yo ____ una chaqueta. 3. Usted ____ una chaqueta. 4. Nosotras ____ una chaqueta. 5. Las niñas ____ una chaqueta. 6. Tú ____ una chaqueta. 7. El botones ____ una chaqueta. 8. Beatriz y Gil ____ una chaqueta. 9. Ustedes ____ una chaqueta. 2 of 2