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Gender Pay Gap

Gender Pay Gap. UNECE Statistical Division. Gender Pay Gap. Gender Pay Gap What is it? Average difference between men and women earnings Average difference of what men and women take out of employment in monetary terms. Gender Pay Gap. Gender Pay Gap What is it?

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Gender Pay Gap

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  1. Gender Pay Gap UNECE Statistical Division

  2. Gender Pay Gap Gender Pay Gap What is it? Average difference between men and women earnings Average difference of what men and women take out of employment in monetary terms

  3. Gender Pay Gap Gender Pay Gap What is it? (average men earnings – average women earnings)/average men earnings It is not the % of women earnings compared with men earnings (IT IS A GAP)

  4. Gender Pay Gap Gender Pay Gap It is the average difference of what earnings? • Yearly? • Monthly? • Hourly? It depends

  5. Gender Pay Gap Gender Pay Gap It is the average difference of what earnings? • Only waged-employment? • Include self-employment? It should include self-employment, but de-facto it rarely does

  6. Gender Pay Gap Gender Pay Gap Why do we use it? What is that we are trying to measure?

  7. Gender Pay Gap What is that we are trying to measure? Discrimination in employment? Segregation in the labour market? No, Gender Pay Gap is a simple general aggregated measure of different participation in employment

  8. Gender Pay Gap What is that we are trying to measure? GPG is like life expectancy, it is an outcome indicator and does not explain why the difference exist

  9. Gender Pay Gap What is that we are trying to measure? Some people criticize GPG because they say that “the difference in earnings does not reveal a discrimination, GPS is due to the fact that women work less hours than men” GPG does not measure discrimination, it only reveals that there is a different out-take between women and men in employment other studies related for example to segregation, participation, and discrimination can explain this difference GPG does not measure if women and men have the same earnings for the same job

  10. Gender Pay Gap What is that we are trying to measure? There are attempts to “adjust” GPG to better measure discrimination • taking the average difference by occupation for example • this reduces the GPG, but an “adjusted” GPG will never measure only discrimination

  11. Gender Pay Gap What is that we are trying to measure? GPG based on hourly earnings eliminates the effect of part-time jobs for example • Is this useful? It depends…..

  12. Gender Pay Gap Gender Pay Gap How can it be measured?

  13. Gender Pay Gap How can it be measured? The basic statistics needed are earnings (yearly, hourly, monthly) by sex Different averages have a different interpretation (hourly versus yearly) Different averages are not comparable trends-analysis should be based on the same concept

  14. Gender Pay Gap How can it be measured? Should it include: Net salary? Gross salary? It depends…….

  15. Gender Pay Gap How can it be measured? Labour Force Surveys? Enterprise Surveys? It depends……… By the concept of earnings they measure

  16. Labour Force Surveys They can include self-employment They include public and private employment Enterprise surveys They can be more accurate They may exclude public employemnt Gender Pay Gap

  17. Thank you !

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