States of Conciousness

1. States of Conciousness What is consciousness? How do our body’s natural rhythms differ from one another?

2. I Am Poem • Create a poem or a picture depicting what it means to be You. Who are you? What makes you who you are?

3. William James • Described consciousness as a “stream” or a “river” • STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS • Do we have random thoughts? • iPod…………

4. Preassessment • Complete the pre-assessment

5. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjfaoe847qQ

6. What do you think? • What does it mean to be conscious?

7. Consciousness • Awareness of yourself and the environment • Ex. thoughts, sensations, and memories • Always changing • What are you conscious of right now?

8. Gaps? • Are there gaps in consciousness? • Daydreaming, sleeping, a coma…

9. Levels of Consciousness

10. Conscious – alert and fully aware, rational

11. Preconscious – memories/thoughts are easily accessible • What did you eat for breakfast?

12. Subconscious – memories/thoughts aren’t easily accessible • Who was your 4th grade teacher? • Dreams? • Usually has some emotional baggage

13. Unconscious – memories/thoughts are NOT accessible; the storehouse of desires and needs that we aren’t aware of

14. Nonconscious – body processes that we are not aware of, but are active

16. Check for understanding • With a partner, get a piece of paper and draw an example of each of the states of consciousness. • Be ready to explain your drawing

17. Sleep! What are the stages of sleep? What are some common sleep disorders, and what are their consequences? What are the costs to your body when you don’t get enough sleep? Why do we dream?

18. SLEEP !!!!! • On average, humans sleep 22 years of their lifetime • Seventeen hours of sustained wakefulness leads to a decrease in performance equivalent to a blood alcohol-level of 0.05% • body temperature and the brain's sleep-wake cycle are closely linked

19. Biological Rhythms - natural life cycles that help to guide our levels of awareness and our behaviors • Examples? • Jet lag

20. Annual Cycle – Seasonal changes affecting moods, appetite, sleep patterns • 28 Day Cycle – female menstrual cycle • 90 Minute Cycle – sleep cycle • 24 Hour Cycle – daily cycle of levels of alertness, hormones, body temperature, etc., aka circadian rhythm

22. What hormone affects wakefulness?

23. Types of sleep • REM Sleep: rapid eye movements and dreaming occur and voluntary muscle activity is suppressed • NREM Sleep: quiet, typically dreamless sleep in which rapid eye movements are absent

24. Why do we sleep? • Restorative theory of sleep • Sleep promotes physiological processes that restore and rejuvenate the body and the mind • NREM = bodily restoration and REM = mind restoration

25. Why do we sleep? • Adaptive theory • Adapting to environment in response to necessity for alertness for predators

28. Stages of Sleep • Pre-Sleep: • transition to sleep: hypnagogic hallucinations and myoclonic jerks • You may hear a loud crash, hear someone call your name, feel a sensation of floating, smell something burning, see a variety of colors • Involuntary muscle spasms

29. Stage 1 • Light sleep • 5-10 minutes • Gradually disengage from sensations • Still able to regain consciousness easily • Some hypnagogic experiences continue here

30. Stage 2 • Breathing, heart rate, brain activity slow down • Eye movement stops • Some small muscle twitches • Sleep Spindles - Quick bursts of brain activity that last for a second or two

31. Stage 3 • Deep sleep • If you are woken up during this stage, you may feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes

32. Stage 4 • 60 min in • Deep deep sleep • Heart rate and breathing drop to their lowest levels • may take 15 minutes or more to regain consciousness from this level

33. Stage 4 • It is possible to carry conversations, answer the phone, walk in this stage and never remember it • Most sleeping disorders occur during this time

34. Sleep cycles • 1-2-3-4-3-2-5 • 234325 etc

36. SmartBoard Activity

37. Stage 5 • REM sleep • Brain becomes active, heart rate and breathing increase, sexual arousal • BUT voluntary muscle movements are suppressed (paralysis)…why? • Vivid dreams

38. The Brain during REM sleep • Visual Cortex & Frontal Cortex are basically OFF. • Amgydala and hippocampus are active

40. Memory Consolidation • Procedural Memories are REACTIVATED

41. Check for understanding • Draw or write a short story depicting the 5 stages of sleep • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_HXUhShhmY

42. What time should you go to sleep? • 1st REM stage ~15 minutes • 1st sleep cycle ~90 minutes total • ~5 per night • Length of time in REM/night • REM blocks and napping • Sleepyti.me

43. Individual Differences in Sleep Drive • 8 hours per night? • Nonsomniacs: sleep far less than most but do not feel tired during the day • Naps

44. Sleep dysfunctions and disorders

45. Insomnia • A condition in which a person regularly experiences an inability to fall asleep, to stay asleep, or to feel adequately rested by sleep.

46. Sleepwalking (somnabulism) • Usually within the first three hours of sleep • The sleeper typically has the ability to navigate around objects, but in a stiff, automatic manner

47. Sleep paralysis • either when falling asleep or when awakening • Aware while paralyzed for REM • http://clipsforclass.com/consciousness

49. Sleep apnea • Snoring? • sleeper repeatedly stopsbreathing during sleep • Carbon-dioxide builds up in the blood, causing a momentary awakening, during which the sleeper snorts or gulps for air

50. Narcolepsy • excessive daytime sleepiness and brief lapses into sleep throughout the day • arousals usually trigger sleep – laughter, anger, surprise, sex • Instant loss of muscular control and entrance REM sleep (the dreams are often terrifying) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wN1_yS6_5T4