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Covalent Compounds

Covalent Compounds. A covalent bond is formed when electrons are “shared” between two atoms. Covalent Compounds. Most contain all non-metals that combine to form molecules of a substance. Example: H 2 O is water, CH 4 is methane. Covalent Compounds.

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Covalent Compounds

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  1. Covalent Compounds • A covalent bond is formed when electrons are “shared” between two atoms.

  2. Covalent Compounds • Most contain all non-metals that combine to form molecules of a substance. • Example: H2O is water, CH4 is methane.

  3. Covalent Compounds • Covalent compounds have elements whose electronegativity values are within 1.67 of each other. • Pg. 241 [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_10/FG10_02.JPG]

  4. Covalent Compounds • Most have low melting points (and boiling points). • Exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature. • Most are not good conductors of electricity.

  5. Covalent Compound Names • Use prefixes to show the quantity of each element in a covalent compound. • Pg. 246 [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/mcmurry2/chapter2/medialib/TB02_002.JPG]

  6. Covalent Compound Names • Always end the last element with the suffix –ide. • Example: N2O4 • Dinitrogen tetroxide

  7. Covalent Compound Names • Example: H2O • Dihydrogen monoxide (Otherwise known as water!) Click here for the Coalition to Ban DHMO

  8. Covalent Compound Names • Important Exception: Never use the prefix mono- on the 1st element! • Example: CCl4 • Carbon tetrachloride (Note: no mono- on carbon!)

  9. Covalent Compound Formulas • Use prefixes from names in order to determine the subscripts in the formulas. • Example: Carbon Dioxide • CO2 • Example: Diphosphorus Pentoxide • P2O5

  10. Acids • Appear to be covalent compound, but separate into cations (+) and anions (-) in water. • The cation is usually H+ • Example: HCl or Hydrochloric Acid • H+ and Cl- when in water.

  11. Acids • If there is just a single anion, the prefix is hydro- and the suffix is –ic. • Example: HBr • Hydrobromic Acid • Example: HF • Hydrofluoric Acid

  12. Acids • If there is a polyatomic ion, you just use the suffix –ic. • Example: HNO3 • Nitric Acid • Example: H3PO4 • Phosphoric Acid

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