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Energy Awareness Week Christchurch

Energy Awareness Week Christchurch. Thursday 6 th May 2010. Has the time come for electric vehicles?. John Manley Managing Director: Nissan New Zealand. The electric car. La Jamais Contente. The advantages of the early electric car:.

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Energy Awareness Week Christchurch

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  1. Energy Awareness WeekChristchurch Thursday 6th May 2010

  2. Has the time come for electric vehicles? John Manley Managing Director: Nissan New Zealand

  3. The electric car La Jamais Contente

  4. The advantages of the early electric car: They did not have the vibration, smell, and noise associated with gasoline cars. Changing gears on gasoline cars was the most difficult part of driving, while electric vehicles did not require gear changes. The only good roads of the period were in town, causing most travel to be local commuting, a perfect situation for electric vehicles, since their range was limited. The electric vehicle was the preferred choice of many because it did not require the manual effort to start, as with the hand crank on gasoline vehicles, and there was no wrestling with a gear shifter.

  5. The decline of the early electric car By the 1920s, America had a better system of roads that now connected cities, bringing with it the need for longer-range vehicles. The discovery of Texas crude oil reduced the price of gasoline so that it was affordable to the average consumer. The invention of the electric starter by in 1912 eliminated the need for the hand crank. The initiation of mass production of internal combustion engine vehicles by Henry Ford made these vehicles widely available and affordable in the $500 to $1,000 price range. By contrast, the price of the less efficiently produced electric vehicles continued to rise. In 1912, an electric roadster sold for $1,750, while a gasoline car sold for $650.

  6. Nissan Electric Vehicle: LEAF

  7. Overview of Nissan LEAF Seating capacity : 5 adults Cruising range : over 160km (US LA4) Electric motor : 80kW, 280Nm Battery : 24kWh Li-ion battery (AESC)

  8. Charge Discharge Newly-developed laminated Li-ion battery • Started research in 1992. • Satisfies automotive-level performance with high reliability. Compact & Flexible Packaging Twice the Power Twice the Energy > 2.5kW/kg* 140Wh/kg* ½ the Size Conventional Laminated Conventional Laminated Cylindrical Laminated * after durability test * after durability test High Reliability Stable crystal structure of SpinelMn-type material Higher cooling efficiency by laminate structure Stable performance by cell control

  9. Vehicle evolution: Progress of technologies (battery/motor/inverter, etc.) allows EV cabin space equivalent to current vehicles. 1600L Battery volume for 20kwh 200L Lead-acid battery Li-ion battery Battery Motor Inverter 2000 2009

  10. New dedicated EV platform The designed EV platform and thin lithium-ion battery pack deliver a comfortable cabin space and enough driving range Front mount high response motor and inverter Motor Inverter Battery Pack Under floor mount laminated lithium ion battery pack Battery cell

  11. Nissan Prairie EV Used as support vehicle at Arctic Environment Research Center for 6 years. Proved reliability and durability of Li-ion battery under harsh weather conditions.

  12. Charger Charger Charging infrastructure strategy • Charging network Short distance Short/mid distance Long distance Charger Charger • Charger type Normal Quick

  13. Towards a Sustainable Society

  14. Global Vehicle Sales 2000 - 2010 There are estimated to be more than 600 million vehicles in the world today.

  15. US Pentagon report on Peak Oil: The US military has warned that surplus oil production capacity could disappear within two years and there could be serious shortages by 2015 with a significant economic and political impact. "By 2012, surplus oil production capacity could entirely disappear, and as early as 2015, the shortfall in output could reach nearly 10 million barrels per day," says the report, which has a foreword by a senior commander, General James N Mattis.

  16. Electric Power Train for CO2 Reduction: Zero-Emission vehicles are the ultimate solution for CO2 reduction 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% New car’s CO2 emissions (Well To Wheel) (%) Use of electricity from recyclable energy Use of hydrogen from recyclable energy Gasoline cars EVs Diesel cars HEVs FCVs Zero-emission vehicles

  17. Energy: Use of Electricity for Powertrain • Electric energy can be generated from various sources. • Priority of electric energy is high, from security perspective as well. Oil Biomass Coal Natural gas Electricpower Nuclear Hydroelectric, Wind, Solar

  18. Cruising range sufficient for daily use Over 80% of daily driving is below 100km globally Percentage (%) km Average range (km/day )

  19. Utilization of clean energy • Effective use of renewable energy by storing fluctuated power into the battery of EV Renewable Energy Solar Solar generation Wind [ｋｗ] 2.5 Sunny 2.0 Cloudy 1.5 1.0 Rainy 0.5 In a example home configuration 0 6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00 Varies according to weather & time Source : AIST, Research Center for Photovoltaics Charging Discharging Storage battery (Li-ion Batt.)

  20. Smart House • By reducing total energy usage in the house, solar power combined with EV battery storage can cover most of the energy needed at home Solar battery Convertor DC Return to grid AC Store energy Switch board Night electricity Usage AC Eco-House 蓄電 DC Electricity Network Battery storage

  21. Toward Smart Grid • Smart house, Smart community, and Smart grid Smart House Smart Community Smart Grid Connect with primary clean energy network Increase households with independent energy supply Networking: flexible utilization of electricity Mega-Solar Wind 100％ Fossil oil Fossil oil Fossil oil Renewable Renewable Renewable ＜Electricity Ratio＞

  22. Global Partnerships: Approximately 50 partnerships announced all over the world IRELAND CHINA NORTH AMERICA CANADA ENGLAND JAPAN FRANCE SWITZERLAND MONACO SPAIN ISRAEL MEXICO HONG KONG SINGAPORE PORTUGAL AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND

  23. Electric Vehicles in New Zealand

  24. PERSONAL TRANSPORT IN NZ TODAY Personal transport in New Zealand today • 91% of adult New Zealanders own cars • Over 50% of households have 2 or more vehicles • 1 in 3 New Zealanders see their only reason to own a vehicle is to get from A to B • Approximately 2/3rds of New Zealanders travel to work by car. • Public transport is poorly supported. • Urban owners have a mean daily travelling distance of less than 40 kilometers. • Rural owners have a mean average travelling distance of less than 51 kilometers.

  25. Cruising range: Christchurch region 80km

  26. Cruising range: 160 kms 160 km

  27. Sustainability NZ Electricity Generation is currently 67% from renewable sources Government policy is for 90% generated from renewable sources by 2025

  28. Emissions reduction The Ministry of Economic Development in it’s 2050 energy strategy has set a goal of halving carbon emissions from the transport sector by 2040. It is Government policy to reduce the rate of CO2 emissions per kilometre of light vehicles entering the fleet to 100 grams CO2 per kilometre by 2015 with corresponding reduction in average fuel used per kilometre.

  29. Introducing Electric Vehicles in to New Zealand EV’s can readily and successfully be introduced into New Zealand with operation in most situations no more difficult than for an internal combustion powered vehicle. EV’s meet all the daily requirements of the vast majority of New Zealanders’ urban personal transport demands. EV’s do not require a large investment in infrastructure to begin introduction. High percentage of NZ homes have off-street garaging with power point. There are no barriers preventing EV’s driving on NZ roads. Nissan’s LEAF meets all current NZ safety standards. The Government has a policy statement that NZ should be a world leader in the deployment of Electric Vehicles.

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