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Introduction to Networks and Clusters in Computer Architecture

This module provides an overview of interconnection networks and clusters in computer architecture, emphasizing their significance in the design and performance of computing systems. It discusses types of network media, connectivity of multiple computers, network topology, and practical issues related to commercial interconnections. The design of clusters is explored through examples such as the Google Cluster of PCs and insights into mobile device networking. The module also covers the OSI model and its layers, presenting a comprehensive framework for understanding networking principles in computing.

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Introduction to Networks and Clusters in Computer Architecture

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  1. Computer Architecture PrinciplesDr. Mike Frank CDA 5155 (UF) / CA 714-R (NTU)Summer 2003 Module #35 Networks & Clusters

  2. Introduction A Simple Network Interconnection Network Media Connecting More Than Two Computers Network Topology Practical Issues for Commercial Interconnection Networks Examples of Interconnection Networks Internetworking Crosscutting Issues for Interconnection Networks Clusters Designing a Cluster Putting It All Together: The Google Cluster of PCs Another View: Inside a Cell Phone Fallacies & Pitfalls Concluding Remarks Historical Perspective and References Exercises H&P ch. 8: Interconnection Networks & Clusters

  3. Why do we care? • Why do we study interconnection networks & clusters in a computer architecture course? • Networking and cluster computing are usually covered in separate courses. • Because: A cluster of interconnected CPUs or computers can also be considered (and used) as a single parallel computer. • The network design can be a significant part of the architecture of this cluster “computer.” • It may have large effects on cost & performance

  4. Networks: The OSI Model 7. Application • Open Systems Interconnection • A popular “layered” decomposition of networked systems. • ISO/IEC standard #7498-1:1994 • Consists of 7 main layers: • Physical (PHY) – The communications medium itself • Data Link (LNK) – Direct, local connections. • Network (NET) – Routing through multiple nodes. • Transport (TRN) – End-to-end connections (TCP) • Session (SES) – Long-lived virtual connections • Presentation (PRE) – Data formatting & encoding. • Application (APP) – Application-specific services. • An 8th layer (medium access control) is sometimes inserted between PHY and LNK. • Negotiating access to a shared communications medium, handshaking to set up a link. 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link Medium Access Control (MAC) 1. Physical

  5. Figs. 1,3,4,5

  6. Figs. 6,7,8,9

  7. Figs. 10,11,12,13

  8. Figs. 14,15,16,20

  9. Figs. 21,23,24,26

  10. Figs. 27,28,29,30

  11. Figs. 31,32,34,35

  12. Figs. 37,39,40,43

  13. Figs. 44,45,45a,45b

  14. Figs. 45c,47,48,49

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