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Heian Period (794-1185)

Heian Period (794-1185). Cassie Travers and Amy Do. General Information. Heian means “ peace ” and “ tranquility ” The Heian period is known for the rise of the samurai class. The warrior class came out during this time because the Fujiwara and other clan families required guards.

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Heian Period (794-1185)

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  1. Heian Period (794-1185) Cassie Travers and Amy Do

  2. General Information • Heian means “peace” and “tranquility” • The Heian period is known for the rise of the samurai class. • The warrior class came out during this time because the Fujiwara and other clan families required guards. • The Shogunate, the highest warrior rank, came into power because the ruling class proved incompetent. • During this time, Japan became less influence by China and became more “Japanized”.

  3. Important Events • 794 – Emperor Kammu moves capital to Heian-Kyo (current day Kyoto) • 858 – Emperor Seiwa begins the rule of the Fujiwara clan • 1050 – Rise of the military class (Bushido) • 1068 – Emperor Gosanjo overthrows Fujiwara clan

  4. Bushido – “way of the warrior” • Bushi – “warrior” ; Do – “way” • It was a way of preserving the peace through using force and samurais. • Samurais had seven virtues • Gi – rectitude • Yu – courage • Jin – benevolence • Rei – respect • Makoto – honesty • Meiyo – honor • Chugi – loyalty • One of the first attempts of the Imperial government to form an organized army. • Bushido was influenced by Zen Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shintoism. • Duty before death

  5. Bushido cont. • It wasn’t unusual for a samurai to commit suicide, or hara-kiri • It’s formal term was seppuku • This was legal and ceremonial • Samurais did this if they disgraced family, house, or felt ashamed • It was honorable

  6. Fujiwara Clan • Descended from the Nakatomi clan • Founded by Nakatomi no Kamatari • Rewarded by Emperor Tenji with “Fujiwara” and it became his surname • They were the effective rulers of Japan until the shogunates took over after the Heian period • Took over power by exercising insei, or cloistered rule. • Dominated politics through monopoly and Sesshou and Kampaku • They monopolized the titles of the two • Had control of the rice fields, which was their source of power and key source of income. • Occupied a lot of positions and seats in the government and controlled it through their connections

  7. Women • Before the Heian period, women were masters of elemental and spiritual world • During the Heian period, they lost their ancient powers • Political orientation that barred women from most political offices • Their social position remained high though. • Highly educated • Could inherit property • Wrote Japan’s first autobiographical narratives in poem-diaries • They made major contributions to literature • “The Tale of Genji” by Murasaki Shikibu

  8. Economics • Unusually long period of peace • Samurai took over because nobles were not good leaders. • Currency began to disappear • People would pay others with useful objects instead of currency. • Control of rice fields was a key source of income for the Fujiwara families.

  9. Culture and Daily Life • Culture was taken from China at the beginning, but gradually became more of its own kind. • Heian culture was contributed to by women at this time • Aristocrats liked poetry, music, and all the arts. • Mixing incense • Using calligraphy and sensitivity in writing poems and literature.

  10. Literature and Art/ Great Achievments • Growing self-confidence in their own culture • Literature • Narrative stories- monogatari • Diaries- nikki • Waka and tanka – genres for poetry • Calligraphy • “Tales of Genji”- one of the most • famous pieces in their period of time • Written by Murasaki Shikibu, a female member of the Fujiwara clan • Architecture, painting, and sculptures • Inspired by Amida Buddha, which had taken over Esoteric Buddhism • Development of the Kana symbols

  11. Beauty • Aristocrats whitened their faces and blackened teeth (ohaguro) • Important part of what made one a good person. • Males – faint mustache and goatee • Females – red painted mouth, eyebrows plucked or shaved and drawn grown.

  12. The Beginning and the end of the Heian Period • Began with the founding of Kyôto, or Heian-kyo • Came after the Nara period • Period of relative peace • Ended with the Battle of Dan-no-Ura • The Taira (Heike) Clan took over the court under the leadership of Kiyomori • After his death, the opposing clan, the Minamoto (Genji) Clan, dominated them • Battle very comparable to the Sacking of Constantinople • Battle ends with Nii-no-ama, Kiyomori’s wife, jumping off a cliff; • The Minamoto ended up winning over the Taira clan • They ruled and had their headquarters in Kamakura

  13. Bibliography • "Japanese History: Nara, Heian Periods." Japan-guide.com - Japan Travel and Living Guide. 2011. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. <http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2132.html>. • "Heian Period - New World Encyclopedia." Info:Main Page - New World Encyclopedia. Mediawiki, 2 Apr. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. <http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Heian_Period>. • "Fujiwara Clan." PediaView.com Open Source Encyclopedia Supplement. Google. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. <http://pediaview.com/openpedia/Fujiwara_clan>. • "Heian Period: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article." AbsoluteAstronomy.com. KDDIA, 2011. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. <http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Heian_period>. • "Shogun: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article." AbsoluteAstronomy.com. Google, 2011. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. <http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Shogun>. • Imamura, Rio. Fujiwara Clan Crest. Digital image. Bing. 20 May 2010. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. <http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=fujiwara+clan&view=detail&id=020682CF609B0B69336DE5A900AADA941D6D6D70&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR>. • Osdx. Samurai Wallpaper. Digital image. DeviantArt. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. <http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=samurai&view=detail&id=2D26FFB7D3E8F9181BA57B75093A314FA013E30C&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR>. • http://benkyoushimasyoo.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/hiragana_chart0006.jpg. • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MichizaneKo1884.jpg/800px-MichizaneKo1884.jpg. • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xOd2aoRkUW8/TVh7xRsH4KI/AAAAAAAABmo/4Wc4Pzxxojc/s1600/016.JPG. • http://jingreed.typepad.com/jingreeds_musings_from_th/images/the_tale_of_genji_heading.jpg. • http://www.asianbrushart.com/Japanese/JapanesePoem.jpg

  14. Bibliography cont. • Department of Asian Art, . "Heian Era (794-1185)." Metropolitan museum of art. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, 2002. Web. 2 Dec 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/heia/hd_heia.htm>. • "Heian Period." The Art of Asia. Minneapolis Institute of Arts, n.d. Web. 2 Dec 2011. <http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/japan-heian-period.cfm>. • "Heian Period (794 - 1192)." Heian. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec 2011. <http://gallery.sjsu.edu/heian/heian.html>. • "The Heian Period: 794-1185." comumbia.edu. Asia for Educators, n.d. Web. 2 Dec 2011. <http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/traditional/court.htm>. • Ross, Kelly L.. "Emperors, Shoguns, & Regents of Japan." Emperors of the Sangoku, the "Three Kingdoms," of India, China, & Japan. N.p., 2011. Web. 2 Dec 2011. • "Women in World History : MODULE 2." Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media. 2006. Web. 03 Dec. 2011. <http://chnm.gmu.edu/wwh/modules/lesson2/lesson2.php?s=0>.

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