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Cognitive and emotional development

Cognitive and emotional development. Fahad Alosaimi MBBS, SSC-Psych Consultation liaison psychiatrist King Saud University. Learning objectives. Upon completion of this event, attendees will have:

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Cognitive and emotional development

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  1. Cognitive and emotional development Fahad Alosaimi MBBS, SSC-Psych Consultation liaison psychiatrist King Saud University

  2. Learning objectives Upon completion of this event, attendees will have: • Enhanced knowledge & understanding of some important theories pertaining to cognitive and emotional development. • Awareness of the connection between cognition, emotions and behaviours. • Skills to examine the stages of cognitive and emotional development. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  3. Outlines of the talk • Cognitive Schemas • Cognitive development • Moral reasoning • Different aspects of emotion • Inappropriate emotion • The dynamics of emotions • Anger Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  4. Cognitive psychology • Thoughts: a way of processing information which are related to a particular time , person or object. • Thinking: The mental manipulation of information of internal representations of objects and situations ( Wade and Tavis, 1993) Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  5. Cognitive Schemas (Piaget) • Schemas : a cognitive map for processing information. • Piaget : a process of formations or reformulations of schemas include: • Assimilations: the act of taking in a new information. • Accommodation: The act of making room to allow for new information. • Adaptation : the whole process of assimilations and accommodation...equilibrium between them. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  6. Cognitive Schemas (Piaget) Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  7. Cognitive psychology • Irrational thinking ,e.g. doctors have easy life. ..Doctors have difficult life... • Models of life positions (Ok-ness concept) ( truly think of self & others), ( Thomas Harris, 1973) : • OK means good, not OK means either bad or feeling inferior. • Four life positions: I’m not OK- you are OK (I am inferior to others) I’m not OK- you are not OK (every one is bad I ‘m OK- you are not OK (I am superior to others) I’m OK- you are OK( there is goodness in everyone) Unconsc. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  8. Cognitive development (Piaget) Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  9. Cognitive development (Piaget) Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  10. Piaget and moral reasoning • Moral realism: obligation and values are determined by law or the order itself, independent of the intentions and relationships. • Moral realism lead to objective responsibilities. • Children believe if they violate some moral rules they will be punished . • Moral reasoning will start through the process of socialization. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  11. Kohlberg & moral reasoning Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  12. Kohlberg & moral reasoning Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  13. Reason for obedience and value imposed on human life( Kohler, 1984) Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  14. Emotion & behaviour Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  15. Emotion • Body without emotion is like a body without a heart. • Emotion help to appreciate love, pain and grief. • Emotion is the essence of all animal communications ( verbal & non verbal). • Contributes to the preservation of the moral rules of the society. E.G . Patents may say to their child “you should feel bad for the way you behave” Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  16. Physiological aspects of emtotion • Arousal of limbic system lead to changes in HR, sweating and BP. • According to Delgado(1971), electrical stimulation of the rat brain resulted in two types of emotional responses: 1) false rage( pseudorage): vocal display of verbal aggression not directed at other rates, anterior hypothalamus 2) true rage: vocal display of verbal aggression to ward off the threatening danger , lateral hypothalamus. • Delgado(1971), stimulation of the right amygdala may produce a “fit of rage” in psych patient who was playing.

  17. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  18. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  19. Expressive aspects of emotion Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  20. Experiential aspect of emotion • Crucial to daily functioning and responsible for motivating action. • People behaviour is related mostly to mixed emotions Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  21. Have you always expressed your true feelings? • Inappropriate emotion: one which is not warranted by the evoking object or situation. • Racket feeling: put the true feeling on hold & take on a substitute feeling. • May be unconscious. • Learned from parents and significant others: It is better not to cry!....Do not be upset!...Do not let them know how you feel!...pretend it does not hurt!..etc. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  22. The dynamics of emotion (Plutchik,1994) Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  23. Anger is a natural emotion • Anger is an arousal plus thoughts of attacking. • is a strong feeling of annoyance. • Anger bouts have: • antecedents • behaviour • consequences. • Common antecedents of anger : • problems with relationship, • interaction with strangers, • injustice • inconveniences. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  24. Anger • Socialisation may lead to regard anger as a weakness . • When people get angry , they tend to function purely from an emotional dimension. • may behave from mild irritation to destruction. • Anger is an intrapersonal event but mostly expressed in an overt behaviour. Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  25. Anger May adaptive if proper channel like boxing • Expression of anger: • Outward , e.g. in destructive behaviour. • Inward, e.g. Depression or suicide. • Repressed or suppressed( on hold) • Theories of anger: • Psychoanalysis: instinct of aggression is aroused through frustration of the id, & externalized to protect individual from self-harm. • Frustration-aggression hypothesis ( dollard,1939). • Social learning theory( bandura,1973):aggression is a learned behaviour, through reinforcement, direct observation and instruction Maladaptive !! Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  26. Functions of anger & aggression • Ventilation of anger. • Defence against anxiety “to deal with their anxieties in an attempt to protect themselves”. • Controlling function “ let them know who is the boss” • Protective function “ to warn the enemy that I am not an easy prey” Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

  27. Thank you Dr.Fahad Alosaimi

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